eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: General Medicine > Pulmonology
Pulmonary Hypoplasia: Multimedia
Updated: Mar 5, 2009
Multimedia
![]() | Media file 1: Chest radiograph of a newborn with primary pulmonary hypoplasia of the right lung showing shift of the mediastinum to the right hemithorax. |
![]() | Media file 3: A posteroanterior radiograph of a 3-month-old infant with primary pulmonary hypoplasia of the right lung. |
![]() | Media file 4: Lateral view of the same patient as in Media file 3 showing one dome of the diaphragm. |
![]() | Media file 5: Bronchogram of the same patient as in Media file 3 showing absence of the airways in the right side and presence of the left main bronchus and its branches. |
![]() | Media file 6: A chest radiograph of a 14-year-old child with primary pulmonary hypoplasia of the right side causing secondary scoliosis. |
![]() | Media file 7: A chest radiograph of a newborn with achondroplasia and small chest causing hypoplasia of both lungs. |
![]() | Media file 8: A chest radiograph of a newborn with diaphragmatic hernia in the right hemithorax shortly after birth. |
![]() | Media file 10: A chest radiograph of a 10-month-old child after repair of a right diaphragmatic hernia showing loss of lung volume in the right hemithorax. |
![]() | Media file 11: MRI of the same patient in Media file 10 showing loss of right lung volume and smaller right pulmonary artery than the left pulmonary artery (arrow). |
More on Pulmonary Hypoplasia |
| Overview: Pulmonary Hypoplasia |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Pulmonary Hypoplasia |
| Treatment & Medication: Pulmonary Hypoplasia |
| Follow-up: Pulmonary Hypoplasia |
Multimedia: Pulmonary Hypoplasia |
| References |
| « Previous Page |
References
Gallot D, Marceau G, Coste K, et al. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a retinoid-signaling pathway disruption during lung development?. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. Aug 2005;73(8):523-31. [Medline].
Montedonico S, Sugimoto K, Felle P, Bannigan J, Puri P. Prenatal treatment with retinoic acid promotes pulmonary alveologenesis in the nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. Mar 2008;43(3):500-7. [Medline].
Sugimoto K, Takayasu H, Nakazawa N, Montedonico S, Puri P. Prenatal treatment with retinoic acid accelerates type 1 alveolar cell proliferation of the hypoplastic lung in the nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. Feb 2008;43(2):367-72. [Medline].
Nogueira-Silva C, Moura RS, Esteves N, Gonzaga S, Correia-Pinto J. Intrinsic catch-up growth of hypoplastic fetal lungs is mediated by interleukin-6. Pediatr Pulmonol. Jul 2008;43(7):680-9. [Medline].
Gonzaga S, Henriques-Coelho T, Davey M, et al. Cystic adenomatoid malformations are induced by localized FGF10 overexpression in fetal rat lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. Sep 2008;39(3):346-55. [Medline].
Logan JW, Rice HE, Goldberg RN, Cotten CM. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review and summary of best-evidence practice strategies. J Perinatol. Sep 2007;27(9):535-49. [Medline].
Bush A, Hogg J, Chitty LS. Cystic lung lesions - prenatal diagnosis and management. Prenat Diagn. Jul 2008;28(7):604-11. [Medline].
Baguma-Nibasheka M, Kablar B. Pulmonary hypoplasia in the connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) null mouse. Dev Dyn. Feb 2008;237(2):485-93. [Medline].
Deprest J, Jani J, Van Schoubroeck D, et al. Current consequences of prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. Feb 2006;41(2):423-30. [Medline].
Zaupa P, Kleinlein B, Hollwarth ME. Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia and gastroschisis in a newborn: can low intrathoracic pressure prevent the pulmonary hypoplasia?. Pediatr Surg Int. Jul 2007;23(7):711-3. [Medline].
Deprest JA, Flemmer AW, Gratacos E, Nicolaides K. Antenatal prediction of lung volume and in-utero treatment by fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion in severe isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. Feb 2009;14(1):8-13. [Medline].
Gerards FA, Twisk JW, Fetter WP, Wijnaendts LC, van Vugt JM. Predicting pulmonary hypoplasia with 2- or 3-dimensional ultrasonography in complicated pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jan 2008;198(1):140.e1-6. [Medline].
Tsukimori K, Masumoto K, Morokuma S, et al. The lung-to-thorax transverse area ratio at term and near term correlates with survival in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Ultrasound Med. May 2008;27(5):707-13. [Medline].
Obenauer S, Maestre LA. Fetal MRI of lung hypoplasia: imaging findings. Clin Imaging. Jan-Feb 2008;32(1):48-50. [Medline].
Taylor GA, Atalabi OM, Estroff JA. Imaging of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Pediatr Radiol. Jan 2009;39(1):1-16. [Medline].
Matsushita M, Ishii K, Tamura M, et al. Perinatal magnetic resonance fetal lung volumetry and fetal lung-to-liver signal intensity ratio for predicting short outcome in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia and cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. Apr 2008;34(2):162-7. [Medline].
Okuyama H, Kubota A, Kawahara H, Oue T, Kitayama Y, Yagi M. Correlation between lung scintigraphy and long-term outcome in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Pulmonol. Sep 2006;41(9):882-6. [Medline].
Lin AE, Pober BR, Adatia I. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and associated cardiovascular malformations: type, frequency, and impact on management. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. May 15 2007;145C(2):201-16. [Medline].
Koumbourlis AC, Wung JT, Stolar CJ. Lung function in infants after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. Oct 2006;41(10):1716-21. [Medline].
Morikawa N, Kuroda T, Honna T, et al. The impact of strict infection control on survival rate of prenatally diagnosed isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int. Oct 2008;24(10):1105-9. [Medline].
Peetsold MG, Heij HA, Kneepkens CM, Nagelkerke AF, Huisman J, Gemke RJ. The long-term follow-up of patients with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a broad spectrum of morbidity. Pediatr Surg Int. Jan 2009;25(1):1-17. [Medline].
Fitzgerald DA. Congenital cyst adenomatoid malformations: resect some and observe all?. Paediatr Respir Rev. Mar 2007;8(1):67-76. [Medline].
Nicolai T. Management of the upper airway and congenital cystic lung diseases in neonates. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. Feb 2009;14(1):56-60. [Medline].
Wilson RD. In utero therapy for fetal thoracic abnormalities. Prenat Diagn. Jul 2008;28(7):619-25. [Medline].
Gucciardo L, Deprest J, Done' E, et al. Prediction of outcome in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia and its consequences for fetal therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Feb 2008;22(1):123-38. [Medline].
Askenazi SS, Perlman M. Pulmonary hypoplasia: lung weight and radial alveolar count as criteria of diagnosis. Arch Dis Child. Aug 1979;54(8):614-8. [Medline].
Cock ML, Albuquerque CA, Joyce BJ, Hooper SB, Harding R. Effects of intrauterine growth restriction on lung liquid dynamics and lung development in fetal sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jan 2001;184(2):209-16. [Medline].
Kasprian G, Balassy C, Brugger PC, Prayer D. MRI of normal and pathological fetal lung development. Eur J Radiol. Feb 2006;57(2):261-70. [Medline].
Keller RL, Hawgood S, Neuhaus JM, et al. Infant pulmonary function in a randomized trial of fetal tracheal occlusion for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Res. Nov 2004;56(5):818-25. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Szabo I, Vizer M, Halvax L. Amnioinfusion to prevent pulmonary hypoplasia after premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jun 2001;184(7):1583-4. [Medline].
Taylor GA, Atalabi OM, Estroff JA. Imaging of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Pediatr Radiol. Jan 2009;39(1):1-16. [Medline].
Thibeault DW, Haney B. Lung volume, pulmonary vasculature, and factors affecting survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatrics. Feb 1998;101(2):289-95. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Warburton D, Olver BE. Coordination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in lung development, injury, and repair. Chest. Jun 1997;111(6 Suppl):119S-122S. [Medline].
Wedegärtner U, Schroder HJ, Adam G. Fetal MRI in experimental tracheal occlusion. Eur J Radiol. Feb 2006;57(2):271-7. [Medline].
Winn HN, Chen M, Amon E, Leet TL, Shumway JB, Mostello D. Neonatal pulmonary hypoplasia and perinatal mortality in patients with midtrimester rupture of amniotic membranes--a critical analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jun 2000;182(6):1638-44. [Medline].
Yoshimura S, Masuzaki H, Gotoh H, Fukuda H, Ishimaru T. Ultrasonographic prediction of lethal pulmonary hypoplasia: comparison of eight different ultrasonographic parameters. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 1996;175(2):477-83. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary aplasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD, treatment, diagnosis, underdevelopment of the lung, hypoplastic lung, carina, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cystic adenomatoid malformation, CAM, prolonged rupture of membranes, fetal renal dysplasias, lung hypoplasia, oligohydramnios, hydrops fetalis, respiratory distress, apnea, ventilatory support, pneumothorax, arthrogryposis, Potter facies, hypertelorism, epicanthus, retrognathia, depressed nasal bridge, abdominal masses, tracheoesophageal fistula, imperforate anus, communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation, pleural effusion, asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, achondroplasia, thanatophoric dwarfism, osteogenesis imperfecta, thoracic neuroblastoma, hydrothorax, urinary tract obstruction, renal dysplasia, tetralogy of Fallot






















Multimedia: Pulmonary Hypoplasia