eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine > Toxicology

Toxicity, Organophosphates: Multimedia

Author: William Freudenthal, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital Indianapolis, IN
Coauthor(s): Mark Ralston, MD, Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Clinical Assistant Professor, Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, Tacoma WA
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jan 23, 2008

Multimedia

Chemical terrorism agents and syndromes. Agents, ...Media file 1: Chemical terrorism agents and syndromes. Agents, signs, symptoms, tests, routes of exposure, treatment, and differential diagnosis. Chart courtesy of North Carolina Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology (SPICE), copyright University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Chemical terrorism agents and syndromes. Agents, ...

Chemical terrorism agents and syndromes. Agents, signs, symptoms, tests, routes of exposure, treatment, and differential diagnosis. Chart courtesy of North Carolina Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology (SPICE), copyright University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

More on Toxicity, Organophosphates

Overview: Toxicity, Organophosphates
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Toxicity, Organophosphates
Treatment & Medication: Toxicity, Organophosphates
Follow-up: Toxicity, Organophosphates
Multimedia: Toxicity, Organophosphates
References

References

  1. Bryant S, Singer J. Management of toxic exposure in children. Emerg Med Clin North Am. Feb 2003;21(1):101-19. [Medline].

  2. Lawrence DT, Kirk MA. Chemical terrorism attacks: update on antidotes. Emerg Med Clin North Am. May 2007;25(2):567-95; abstract xi. [Medline].

  3. Barthold CL, Schier JG. Organic phosphorus compounds--nerve agents. Crit Care Clin. Oct 2005;21(4):673-89, v-vi. [Medline].

  4. Zwiener RJ, Ginsburg CM. Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning in infants and children [published erratum appears in Pediatrics 1988 May;81(5):683]. Pediatrics. Jan 1988;81(1):121-6. [Medline].

  5. Lifshitz M, Shahak E, Sofer S. Carbamate and organophosphate poisoning in young children. Pediatr Emerg Care. Apr 1999;15(2):102-3. [Medline].

  6. Lima JS, Reis CA. Poisoning due to illegal use of carbamates as a rodenticide in Rio de Janeiro. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1995;33(6):687-90. [Medline].

  7. Sofer S, Tal A, Shahak E. Carbamate and organophosphate poisoning in early childhood. Pediatr Emerg Care. Dec 1989;5(4):222-5. [Medline].

  8. Mortensen ML. Management of acute childhood poisonings caused by selected insecticides and herbicides. Pediatr Clin North Am. Apr 1986;33(2):421-45. [Medline].

  9. Burillo-Putze G, Hoffman RS, Howland MA, Duenas-Laita A. Late administration of pralidoxime in organophosphate (fenitrothion) poisoning. Am J Emerg Med. Jul 2004;22(4):327-8. [Medline].

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  12. Shahar E, Bentur Y, Bar-Joseph G, Cahana A, Hershman E. Extrapyramidal parkinsonism complicating acute organophosphate insecticide poisoning. Pediatr Neurol. Nov 2005;33(5):378-82. [Medline].

  13. Brahmi N, Mokline A, Kouraichi N, Ghorbel H, Blel Y, Thabet H. Prognostic value of human erythrocyte acetyl cholinesterase in acute organophosphate poisoning. Am J Emerg Med. Nov 2006;24(7):822-7. [Medline].

  14. Ellenhorn MJ. Organophosphates. In: Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 1997:1614-21.

  15. Karr CJ, Solomon GM, Brock-Utne AC. Health effects of common home, lawn, and garden pesticides. Pediatr Clin North Am. Feb 2007;54(1):63-80, viii. [Medline].

  16. Kovacic P. Mechanism of organophosphates (nerve gases and pesticides) and antidotes: electron transfer and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem. Dec 2003;10(24):2705-9. [Medline].

  17. Kozer E, Mordel A, Haim SB, Bulkowstein M, Berkovitch M, Bentur Y. Pediatric poisoning from trimedoxime (TMB4) and atropine automatic injectors. J Pediatr. Jan 2005;146(1):41-4. [Medline].

  18. Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Caravati EM, et al. 1998 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. Sep 1999;17(5):435-87. [Medline].

  19. O'Malley M. Clinical evaluation of pesticide exposure and poisonings. Lancet. Apr 19 1997;349(9059):1161-6. [Medline].

  20. [Best Evidence] Peter JV, Moran JL, Graham P. Oxime therapy and outcomes in human organophosphate poisoning: an evaluation using meta-analytic techniques. Crit Care Med. Feb 2006;34(2):502-10. [Medline].

  21. Schexnayder S, James LP, Kearns GL, Farrar HC. The pharmacokinetics of continuous infusion pralidoxime in children with organophosphate poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(6):549-55. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

organophosphate, carbamate poisoning, organophosphate poisoning, organophosphate exposure, OP, OP poisoning, OP exposure, OP toxicity, insecticide poisoning, insecticide exposure, insecticide toxicity, pesticide poisoning, pesticide exposure, pesticide toxicity, pseudocholinesterase, cholinesterase, tachycardia, respiratory failure, diaphoresis, diarrhea, urination, miosis, bradycardia, bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, emesis, lacrimation, salivation, DUMBELS, pulmonary edema, SLUDGE

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

William Freudenthal, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital Indianapolis, IN
William Freudenthal, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and Association of Military Surgeons of the US
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Mark Ralston, MD, Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Clinical Assistant Professor, Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, Tacoma WA
Mark Ralston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Michael E Mullins, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
Michael E Mullins, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and American College of Emergency Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine.com, Inc
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from broker recommendation; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from broker recommendation

Managing Editor

Jeffrey R Tucker, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Connecticut and Connecticut Children's Medical Center
Jeffrey R Tucker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Massachusetts Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP, Director, Pediatric Hospitalist Program, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine
Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Society of Hospital Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Timothy E Corden, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Co-Director, Policy Core, Injury Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin; Associate Director, PICU, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Timothy E Corden, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Phi Beta Kappa, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Wisconsin Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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