eMedicine Specialties > Pediatrics: Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine > Toxicology

Toxicity, Hallucinogens - PCP: Multimedia

Author: Stephan Brenner, MD, MPH, Resident Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine
Coauthor(s): Bill Dribben, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Apr 14, 2009

Multimedia

Phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known as ...Media file 1: Phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known as phencyclidine, in tablet form. Image courtesy of the US Drug Enforcement Administration.
Phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known as ...

Phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known as phencyclidine, in tablet form. Image courtesy of the US Drug Enforcement Administration.

More on Toxicity, Hallucinogens - PCP

Overview: Toxicity, Hallucinogens - PCP
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Toxicity, Hallucinogens - PCP
Treatment & Medication: Toxicity, Hallucinogens - PCP
Follow-up: Toxicity, Hallucinogens - PCP
Multimedia: Toxicity, Hallucinogens - PCP
References

References

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  2. Smith KM, Larive LL, Romanelli F. Club drugs: methylenedioxymethamphetamine, flunitrazepam, ketamine hydrochloride, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. June 2002;59(11):1067-76. [Medline].

  3. Misra AL, Pontani RB, Bartolomeo J. Persistence of phencyclidine (PCP) and metabolites in brain and adipose tissue and implications for long-lasting behavioural effects. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. Jun 1979;24(3):431-45. [Medline].

  4. Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2006: Volume I, Secondary school students 2006. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; September 2007. [Full Text].

  5. Ball JK, Johnson E, Foley E. Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2005:National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; February 2007. [Full Text].

  6. The DAWN Report: Club Drugs, 2002 Update. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; July 2004. [Full Text].

  7. Mallonee E, Morin C, Ball J. Mortality Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2002. Rockville, MD: U.S Department of Health and Human Services; January 2004. [Full Text].

  8. Poklis A, Graham M, Maginn D, Branch CA, Gantner GE. Phencyclidine and violent deaths in St. Louis, Missouri: a survey of medical examiners' cases from 1977 through 1986. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1990;16(3-4):265-74. [Medline].

  9. McCarron MM, Schulze BW, Thompson GA. Acute phencyclidine intoxication: incidence of clinical findings in 1,000 cases. Ann Emerg Med. May 1981;10(5):237-42. [Medline].

  10. Akmal M, Valdin JR, McCarron MM. Rhabdomyolysis with and without acute renal failure in patients with phencyclidine intoxication. Am J Nephrol. 1981;1(2):91-6. [Medline].

  11. Schifano F, Corkery J, Oyefeso A, Tonia T, Ghodse AH. Trapped in the "K-hole": Overview of Deaths Associated With Ketamine Misuse in the UK (1993-2006). J Clin Psychopharmacol. February 2008;28(1):114-16. [Medline][Full Text].

  12. Barton CH, Sterling ML, Vaziri ND. Phencyclidine intoxication: clinical experience in 27 cases confirmed by urine assay. Ann Emerg Med. May 1981;10(5):243-6. [Medline].

  13. Gonzalez-Maeso J, Sealfon SC. Psychedelics and schizophrenia. Trends Neurosci. Apr 2009;32(4):225-32. [Medline].

  14. Yago KB, Pitts FN Jr, Burgoyne RW, Aniline O, Yago LS, Pitts AF. The urban epidemic of phencyclidine (PCP) use: clinical and laboratory evidence from a public psychiatric hospital emergency service. J Clin Psychiatry. May 1981;42(5):193-6. [Medline].

  15. Hoaken PN, Stewart SH. Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior. Addict Behav. Dec 2003;28(9):1533-54. [Medline].

  16. Schwartz RH, Einhorn A. PCP intoxication in seven young children. Pediatr Emerg Care. Dec 1986;2(4):238-41. [Medline].

  17. Muetzelfeldt L, Kamboj SK, Rees H, Taylor J, Morgan CJ, Curran HV. Journey through the K-hole: phenomenological aspects of ketamine use. Drug Alcohol Depend. June 2008;95(3):219-29. [Medline].

  18. Piecuch S, Thomas U, Shah BR. Acute dystonic reactions that fail to respond to diphenhydramine: think of PCP. J Emerg Med. May-Jun 1999;17(3):379-81. [Medline].

  19. Work Group on Quality Issues. Bukstein OG. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with substance use disorders. Washington, DC: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 2004.

  20. Picchioni AL, Consroe PF. Activated charcoal--a phencyclidine antidote, or hog in dogs. N Engl J Med. Jan 25 1979;300(4):202. [Medline].

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Further Reading

Keywords

hallucinogens, phenylcylcohexyl piperidine, PCP, PCP overdose, PCP toxicity, PCP poisoning, angel dust, boat, club drugs, crystal, dissociative drug, dust, dusting, elephant tranquilizer, embalming fluid, ethyl-phenylcyclohexylamine, glutamate- -methyl-D-aspartate receptor, hallucinogens, hog, horse tranquilizer, ketamine, little ones, live ones, love boat, NMDA receptor, norketamine, ozone, PCE, PCP, peace pill, phencyclidine, phenyl cyclohexyl piperidine, porker, purple rain, rocket fuel, sherms, TCP, thienyl-cyclohexylpiperidine, tic tac, wack, worm, zombie, zoot, treatment,

crystal super grass, killer joints, super weed, killer weed, krystal joint, KJ, green leaves, illy, wet, hydro, fry, super acid, vitamin K, cat Valium, cat tranquilizer, horse tranquilizer, ket, kit-kat, vetamine, K wire, KFC, keezy, kenny, ketanest, kenfitamine, ketaset, ketalar, kez, kitty, kustard, regretamine, wibble, forgetamine, triple K, wonky, drug rape, date rape, hyperthermia, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC, rhabdomyolysis, schizophrenia, delusions, hallucinations, anxiety, paranoia

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Stephan Brenner, MD, MPH, Resident Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Bill Dribben, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
Bill Dribben, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Halim Hennes, MD, MS, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Director, Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
Halim Hennes, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Mary L Windle, PharmD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Stock Investment from financial planner; Avanir Pharma Stock Investment from financial planner ; WebMD Salary and stock Employment and investment from financial planner

Managing Editor

Jeffrey R Tucker, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Connecticut and Connecticut Children's Medical Center
Jeffrey R Tucker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Massachusetts Medical Society
Disclosure: Merck Salary Employment

CME Editor

Paul D Petry, DO, FACOP, FAAP, Consulting Staff, Freeman Pediatric Care, Freeman Health System
Paul D Petry, DO, FACOP, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Osteopathy, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians, and American Osteopathic Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Timothy E Corden, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Co-Director, Policy Core, Injury Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin; Associate Director, PICU, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Timothy E Corden, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Phi Beta Kappa, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Wisconsin Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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