Complications
The most common complications of erysipelas include abscess, gangrene, and thrombophlebitis. Less common complications (< 1%) are acute glomerulonephritis, endocarditis, septicemia, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Rare osteoarticular complications involve joints contiguous with the erysipelas plaques and include bursitis, osteitis, arthritis, and tendinitis.[13]
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with erysipelas is excellent. Complications of the infection usually are not life threatening, and most cases resolve after antibiotic therapy without sequelae. However, local recurrence has been reported in up to 20% of patients with predisposing conditions.
Jorup-Ronstrom C. Epidemiological, bacteriological and complicating features of erysipelas. Scand J Infect Dis. 1986;18(6):519-24. [Medline].
Vignes S, Dupuy A. Recurrence of lymphoedema-associated cellulitis (erysipelas) under prophylactic antibiotherapy: a retrospective cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Aug 2006;20(7):818-22. [Medline].
Pereira de Godoy JM, Azoubel LM, Guerreiro Godoy Mde F. Erysipelas and lymphangitis in patients undergoing lymphedema treatment after breast-cancer therapy. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat. Jun 2009;18(2):63-5. [Medline].
[Best Evidence] Damstra RJ, van Steensel MA, Boomsma JH, Nelemans P, Veraart JC. Erysipelas as a sign of subclinical primary lymphoedema: a prospective quantitative scintigraphic study of 40 patients with unilateral erysipelas of the leg. Br J Dermatol. Jun 2008;158(6):1210-5. [Medline].
Ellis H. The last year before the dawn of antibiotics. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). Aug 2009;70(8):475. [Medline].
Krasagakis K, Samonis G, Maniatakis P, Georgala S, Tosca A. Bullous erysipelas: clinical presentation, staphylococcal involvement and methicillin resistance. Dermatology. 2006;212(1):31-5. [Medline].
Leppard BJ, Seal DV, Colman G, Hallas G. The value of bacteriology and serology in the diagnosis of cellulitis and erysipelas. Br J Dermatol. May 1985;112(5):559-67. [Medline].
Bishara J, Golan-Cohen A, Robenshtok E, Leibovici L, Pitlik S. Antibiotic use in patients with erysipelas: a retrospective study. Isr Med Assoc J. Oct 2001;3(10):722-4. [Medline].
Vos MD, Bos RR, Vissink A. [A sudden redness and swelling of the face]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. Jul 2009;116(7):383-6. [Medline].
Bernard P, Plantin P, Roger H, et al. Roxithromycin versus penicillin in the treatment of erysipelas in adults: a comparative study. Br J Dermatol. Aug 1992;127(2):155-9. [Medline].
Sjoblom AC, Eriksson B, Jorup-Ronstrom C, Karkkonen K, Lindqvist M. Antibiotic prophylaxis in recurrent erysipelas. Infection. Nov-Dec 1993;21(6):390-3. [Medline].
Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections. Clin Infect Dis. Nov 15 2005;41(10):1373-406. [Medline].
Coste N, Perceau G, Leone J, et al. Osteoarticular complications of erysipelas. J Am Acad Dermatol. Feb 2004;50(2):203-9. [Medline].
Bisno AL, Stevens DL. Streptococcal infections of skin and soft tissues. N Engl J Med. Jan 25 1996;334(4):240-5. [Medline].
Bonnetblanc JM, Bedane C. Erysipelas: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003;4(3):157-63. [Medline].
Bratton RL, Nesse RE. St. Anthony's Fire: diagnosis and management of erysipelas. Am Fam Physician. Feb 1 1995;51(2):401-4. [Medline].
Chartier C, Grosshans E. Erysipelas. Int J Dermatol. Sep 1990;29(7):459-67. [Medline].
Chartier C, Grosshans E. Erysipelas: an update. Int J Dermatol. Nov 1996;35(11):779-81. [Medline].
Elston DM. Epidemiology and prevention of skin and soft tissue infections. Cutis. May 2004;73(5 Suppl):3-7. [Medline].
Grosshans EM. The red face: erysipelas. Clin Dermatol. Apr-Jun 1993;11(2):307-13. [Medline].
Hammar H, Wanger L. Erysipelas and necrotizing fasciitis. Br J Dermatol. Apr 1977;96(4):409-19. [Medline].
Ronnen M, Suster S, Schewach-Millet M, Modan M. Erysipelas. Changing faces. Int J Dermatol. Apr 1985;24(3):169-72. [Medline].
Torok L. Uncommon manifestations of erysipelas. Clin Dermatol. Sep-Oct 2005;23(5):515-8. [Medline].
Zeglaoui F, Dziri C, Mokhtar I, et al. Intramuscular bipenicillin vs. intravenous penicillin in the treatment of erysipelas in adults: randomized controlled study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Jul 2004;18(4):426-8. [Medline].

