Further Outpatient Care
Patients should be monitored to ensure lesions do not recur after surgical excision.
Ahmad M, Khan IU, Khan AH, Rehman SB, Zubairi AM. Pilomatricoma: a retrospective study. Int J Dermatol. Oct 1992;31(10):703-5. [Medline].
Behnke N, Schulte K, Ruzicka T, Megahed M. Pilomatricoma in elderly individuals. Dermatology. 1998;197(4):391-3. [Medline].
Demircan M, Balik E. Pilomatricoma in children: a prospective study. Pediatr Dermatol. Nov-Dec 1997;14(6):430-2. [Medline].
Duflo S, Nicollas R, Roman S, Magalon G, Triglia JM. Pilomatrixoma of the head and neck in children: a study of 38 cases and a review of the literature. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Nov 1998;124(11):1239-42. [Medline].
Hernandez-Perez E, Cestoni-Parducci RF. Pilomatricoma (calcifying epithelioma): a study of 100 cases in El Salvador. Int J Dermatol. Sep 1981;20(7):491-4. [Medline].
Inglefield CJ, Muir IF, Gray ES. Aggressive pilomatricoma in childhood. Ann Plast Surg. Dec 1994;33(6):656-8. [Medline].
Kaddu S, Soyer HP, Cerroni L, Salmhofer W, Hodl S. Clinical and histopathologic spectrum of pilomatricomas in adults. Int J Dermatol. Oct 1994;33(10):705-8. [Medline].
Marrogi AJ, Wick MR, Dehner LP. Pilomatrical neoplasms in children and young adults. Am J Dermatopathol. Apr 1992;14(2):87-94. [Medline].
Patel RV, Mehta MH. Calcifying epithelioma (pilomatrixoma) of Malherbe. Indian J Pediatr. Jul-Aug 1993;60(4):609-10. [Medline].
Rao PL, Ramnarayan K. Pilomatricoma: report of two cases in children. J Pediatr Surg. Dec 1992;27(12):1496-7. [Medline].
Shaw A. Pilomatrixomas in two children. J Pediatr Surg. Aug 1993;28(8):1083. [Medline].
Taaffe A, Wyatt EH, Bury HP. Pilomatricoma (Malherbe). A clinical and histopathologic survey of 78 cases. Int J Dermatol. Sep 1988;27(7):477-80. [Medline].
Toppare MF, Kitapci F, Senses DA, Kaya IS, Dilmen U, Gedikoglu G. Pilomatrixoma: patient report of a common childhood tumor. Clin Pediatr (Phila). Dec 1993;32(12):749-50. [Medline].
Wells NJ, Blair GK, Magee JF, Whiteman DM. Pilomatrixoma: a common, benign childhood skin tumour. Can J Surg. Dec 1994;37(6):483-6. [Medline].
Aslan G, Erdogan B, Akoz T, Gorgu M, Seckin S, Terzioglu A. Multiple occurrence of pilomatrixoma. Plast Reconstr Surg. Sep 1996;98(3):510-3. [Medline].
Berberian BJ, Colonna TM, Battaglia M, Sulica VI. Multiple pilomatricomas in association with myotonic dystrophy and a family history of melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. Aug 1997;37(2 Pt 1):268-9. [Medline].
Black SJ, Marple BF, Vuitch F. Multiple giant pilomatrix carcinomas of the head and neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Sep 1993;109(3 Pt 1):543-7. [Medline].
Farrell AM, Ross JS, Barton SE, Bunker CB. Multiple pilomatricomas and myotonic dystrophy in a patient with AIDS. Clin Exp Dermatol. Sep 1995;20(5):423-4. [Medline].
Geh JL, Moss AL. Multiple pilomatrixomata and myotonic dystrophy: a familial association. Br J Plast Surg. Mar 1999;52(2):143-5. [Medline].
Graells J, Servitje O, Badell A, Notario J, Peyri J. Multiple familial pilomatricomas associated with myotonic dystrophy. Int J Dermatol. Oct 1996;35(10):732-3. [Medline].
Salerni E, Bonatti ML, D'Aurizio C, Baldassarre M, D'Alessandro E, Prencipe M. Multiple pilomatrixomas and myotonic dystrophy: a case report. Riv Neurol. May-Jun 1988;58(3):124-6. [Medline].
Schlechter R, Hartsough NA, Guttman FM. Multiple pilomatricomas (calcifying epitheliomas of Malherbe). Pediatr Dermatol. Jul 1984;2(1):23-5. [Medline].
Bremnes RM, Kvamme JM, Stalsberg H, Jacobsen EA. Pilomatrix carcinoma with multiple metastases: report of a case and review of the literature. Eur J Cancer. Mar 1999;35(3):433-7. [Medline].
Krugman ME, Bansberg S, Strout E. Pilomatrical carcinoma. Plast Reconstr Surg. Aug 1990;86(2):340-3. [Medline].
Martelli G, Giardini R. Pilomatrix carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol. Dec 1994;20(6):703-4. [Medline].
McCulloch TA, Singh S, Cotton DW. Pilomatrix carcinoma and multiple pilomatrixomas. Br J Dermatol. Feb 1996;134(2):368-71. [Medline].
Miyahara H, Imayama S, Hashizume T, Takeishi M, Hori Y, Kohda H. Two cases of pilomatrix carcinoma. J Dermatol. May 1990;17(5):322-5. [Medline].
Monchy D, McCarthy SW, Dubourdieu D. Malignant pilomatrixoma of the scalp. Pathology. Apr 1995;27(2):201-3. [Medline].
Panico L, Manivel JC, Pettinato G, De Rosa N, Ruggiero A, De Rosa G. Pilomatrix carcinoma. A case report with immunohistochemical findings, flow cytometric comparison with benign pilomatrixoma and review of the literature. Tumori. Aug 31 1994;80(4):309-14. [Medline].
Sabharwal BD, Malhotra V. Pilomatrix carcinoma--calcifying epitheliocarcinoma of Malherbe (a case report). Indian J Pathol Microbiol. Dec 1994;37 Suppl:S45-6. [Medline].
Sable D, Snow SN. Pilomatrix carcinoma of the back treated by mohs micrographic surgery. Dermatol Surg. Aug 2004;30(8):1174-6. [Medline].
Sassmannshausen J, Chaffins M. Pilomatrix carcinoma: a report of a case arising from a previously excised pilomatrixoma and a review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. Feb 2001;44(2 Suppl):358-61. [Medline].
Tateyama H, Eimoto T, Tada T, Niwa T. Malignant pilomatricoma. An immunohistochemical study with antihair keratin antibody. Cancer. Jan 1 1992;69(1):127-32. [Medline].
Vico P, Rahier I, Ghanem G, Nagypal P, Deraemaecker R. Pilomatrix carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. Aug 1997;23(4):370-1. [Medline].
Waxtein L, Vega E, Alvarez L, Cortes-Franco R, Hojyo T, Dominguez-Soto L. Malignant pilomatricoma: a case report. Int J Dermatol. Jul 1998;37(7):538-40. [Medline].
Wood MG, Parhizgar B, Beerman H. Malignant pilomatricoma. Arch Dermatol. Jun 1984;120(6):770-3. [Medline].
Zagarella SS, Kneale KL, Stern HS. Pilomatrix carcinoma of the scalp. Australas J Dermatol. 1992;33(1):39-42. [Medline].
Farrier S, Morgan M. bcl-2 expression in pilomatricoma. Am J Dermatopathol. Jun 1997;19(3):254-7. [Medline].
Kizawa K, Toyoda M, Ito M, Morohashi M. Aberrantly differentiated cells in benign pilomatrixoma reflect the normal hair follicle: immunohistochemical analysis of Ca-binding S100A2, S100A3 and S100A6 proteins. Br J Dermatol. Feb 2005;152(2):314-20. [Medline].
Chan EF, Gat U, McNiff JM, Fuchs E. A common human skin tumour is caused by activating mutations in beta-catenin. Nat Genet. Apr 1999;21(4):410-3. [Medline].
Kajino Y, Yamaguchi A, Hashimoto N, Matsuura A, Sato N, Kikuchi K. beta-Catenin gene mutation in human hair follicle-related tumors. Pathol Int. Jul 2001;51(7):543-8. [Medline].
Lazar AJ, Calonje E, Grayson W, et al. Pilomatrix carcinomas contain mutations in CTNNB1, the gene encoding beta-catenin. J Cutan Pathol. Feb 2005;32(2):148-57. [Medline].
Yoshimura Y, Obara S, Mikami T, Matsuda S. Calcifying epithelioma (pilomatrixoma) of the head and neck: analysis of 37 cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Dec 1997;35(6):429-32. [Medline].
Julian CG, Bowers PW. A clinical review of 209 pilomatricomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. Aug 1998;39(2 Pt 1):191-5. [Medline].
Rotenberg M, Laccourreye O, Cauchois R, Laccourreye L, Putterman M, Brasnu D. Head and neck pilomatrixoma. Am J Otolaryngol. Mar-Apr 1996;17(2):133-5. [Medline].
Shields JA, Shields CL, Eagle RC Jr, Mulvey L. Pilomatrixoma of the eyelid. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. Jul-Aug 1995;32(4):260-1. [Medline].
Strobl H, Emshoff R. Pilomatrixoma of the cheek: report of case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Nov 1995;53(11):1355-7. [Medline].
Schweitzer WJ, Goldin HM, Bronson DM, Brody PE. Solitary hard nodule on the forearm. Pilomatricoma. Arch Dermatol. Jun 1989;125(6):828-9, 832. [Medline].
Alfsen GC, Strom EH. Pilomatrixoma of the ovary: a rare variant of mature teratoma. Histopathology. Feb 1998;32(2):182-3. [Medline].
Sevin K, Can Z, Yilmaz S, Saray A, Yormuk E. Pilomatrixoma of the earlobe. Dermatol Surg. Mar 1995;21(3):245-6. [Medline].
Alli N, Gungor E, Artuz F. Perforating pilomatricoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jul 1996;35(1):116-8. [Medline].
Arnold M, McGuire LJ. Perforating pilomatricoma--difficulty in diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. Apr 1988;18(4 Pt 1):754-5. [Medline].
Bayle P, Bazex J, Lamant L, Lauque D, Durieu C, Albes B. Multiple perforating and non perforating pilomatricomas in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Sep 2004;18(5):607-10. [Medline].
Cooper PH, Fechner RE. Pilomatricoma-like changes in the epidermal cysts of Gardner's syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. May 1983;8(5):639-44. [Medline].
de la Torre JP, Saiz A, Garcia-Arpa M, Rodriguez-Peralto JL. Pilomatricomal horn: a new superficial variant of pilomatricoma. Am J Dermatopathol. Oct 2006;28(5):426-8. [Medline].
del Pozo J, Martinez W, Yebra-Pimentel MT, Fonseca E. Lymphangiectatic variant of pilomatricoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Sep 2004;18(5):575-6. [Medline].
Faust HB, Clark RE, Kamino H. Hyperkeratotic nodule. Keratoacanthomalike pilomatricoma. Arch Dermatol. May 1996;132(5):573, 576. [Medline].
Fender AB, Reale VF, Scott GA. Anetodermic pilomatricoma with perforation. J Am Acad Dermatol. Mar 2008;58(3):535-6. [Medline].
Inui S, Kanda R, Hata S. Pilomatricoma with a bullous appearance. J Dermatol. Jan 1997;24(1):57-9. [Medline].
Jones CC, Tschen JA. Anetodermic cutaneous changes overlying pilomatricomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. Dec 1991;25(6 Pt 1):1072-6. [Medline].
Lee WS, Yoo MS, Ahn SK. Anetodermic cutaneous changes overlying pilomatricoma. Int J Dermatol. Feb 1995;34(2):144-5. [Medline].
Lo JS, Guitart J, Bergfeld WF, Benedetto EA, Mehle AL. Perforating pilomatricoma: a case report. Cutis. Aug 1989;44(2):130-2. [Medline].
Nakayama H, Mihara M, Shimao S. Acantholytic pilomatricoma. Dermatologica. 1990;181(4):314-6. [Medline].
Poorten HJ, Sharbaugh AH. Extruding pilomatricoma. Report of a case. Cutis. Jul 1978;22(1):47-9. [Medline].
Spitz D, Fisher D, Friedman RJ, Kopf AW. Pigmented Pilomatricoma. A clinical simulator of malignant melanoma. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. Nov 1981;7(11):903-6. [Medline].
Uchiyama N, Shindo Y, Saida T. Perforating pilomatricoma. J Cutan Pathol. Aug 1986;13(4):312-8. [Medline].
Zulaica A, Peteiro C, Quintas C, Pereiro M Jr, Toribio J. Perforating pilomatricoma. J Cutan Pathol. Dec 1988;15(6):409-11. [Medline].
Ali MZ, Ali FZ. Pilomatrixoma breast mimicking carcinoma. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. Apr 2005;15(4):248-9. [Medline].
Reynaud P, Orliaguet T, Robin YM, et al. [Mammary pilomatrixoma clinically mimicking carcinoma]. Ann Pathol. Jul 1997;17(3):213-4. [Medline].
Hughes J, Lam A, Rogers M. Use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of childhood pilomatrixoma. Pediatr Dermatol. Sep-Oct 1999;16(5):341-4. [Medline].
Hoffmann V, Roeren T, Moller P, Heuschen G. MR imaging of a pilomatrixoma. Pediatr Radiol. Apr 1998;28(4):272. [Medline].
Ichikawa T, Nakajima Y, Fujimoto H, et al. Giant calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe (pilomatrixoma): imaging features. Skeletal Radiol. Oct 1997;26(10):602-5. [Medline].
Domanski HA, Domanski AM. Cytology of pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) in fine needle aspirates. Acta Cytol. May-Jun 1997;41(3):771-7. [Medline].
Kumar N, Verma K. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of pilomatrixoma. Cytopathology. Apr 1996;7(2):125-31. [Medline].
Ortiz J, Garcia Macias C, Abad M, Flores T, Paz JI, Bullon A. Pilomatrixoma: a description of two cases diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol. Mar 1995;12(2):155-7. [Medline].
Thinakaran V, Singh SK, Simples P, Nadimpalli V. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. A case report. Acta Cytol. May-Jun 1998;42(3):769-71. [Medline].
Wong MP, Yuen ST, Collins RJ. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pilomatrixoma: still a diagnostic trap for the unwary. Diagn Cytopathol. 1994;10(4):365-9; discussion 369-70. [Medline].
Kaddu S, Soyer HP, Hodl S, Kerl H. Morphological stages of pilomatricoma. Am J Dermatopathol. Aug 1996;18(4):333-8. [Medline].
Morales A, McGoey J. Pilomatricoma: treatment by incision and curettement. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jan 1980;2(1):44-6. [Medline].
Thomas RW, Perkins JA, Ruegemer JL, Munaretto JA. Surgical excision of pilomatrixoma of the head and neck: a retrospective review of 26 cases. Ear Nose Throat J. Aug 1999;78(8):541, 544-6, 548. [Medline].
Cambiaghi S, Ermacora E, Brusasco A, Canzi L, Caputo R. Multiple pilomatricomas in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: a case report. Pediatr Dermatol. Mar 1994;11(1):21-5. [Medline].
Masuno M, Imaizumi K, Ishii T, Kuroki Y, Baba N, Tanaka Y. Pilomatrixomas in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Am J Med Genet. Apr 28 1998;77(1):81-2. [Medline].
Noguchi H, Kayashima K, Nishiyama S, Ono T. Two cases of pilomatrixoma in Turner's syndrome. Dermatology. 1999;199(4):338-40. [Medline].
Pujol RM, Casanova JM, Egido R, Pujol J, de Moragas JM. Multiple familial pilomatricomas: a cutaneous marker for Gardner syndrome?. Pediatr Dermatol. Dec 1995;12(4):331-5. [Medline].
Fink AM, Berkowitz RG. Sonography in preauricular pilomatrixoma of childhood. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. Feb 1997;106(2):167-9. [Medline].
Greene RM, McGuff HS, Miller FR. Pilomatrixoma of the face: a benign skin appendage mimicking squamous cell carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Apr 2004;130(4):483-5. [Medline].
Kaddu S, Soyer HP, Wolf IH, Kerl H. Proliferating pilomatricoma. A histopathologic simulator of matrical carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol. Apr 1997;24(4):228-34. [Medline].
Noguchi H, Hayashibara T, Ono T. A statistical study of calcifying epithelioma, focusing on the sites of origin. J Dermatol. Jan 1995;22(1):24-7. [Medline].
Parlette EC, Parlette HL 3rd, Patterson JW. Pilomatricoma: an alarming presentation. Cutis. Nov 1998;62(5):227-30. [Medline].
Som PM, Shugar JM, Silvers AR. CT of pilomatrixoma in the cheek. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Aug 1998;19(7):1219-20. [Medline].
Swerlick RA, Cooper PH, Mackel SE. Rapid enlargement of pilomatricoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jul 1982;7(1):54-6. [Medline].

