Melasma: Multimedia

References

1. Hughes BR. Melasma occurring in twin sisters. J Am Acad Dermatol. Nov 1987;17(5 Pt 1):841. [Medline].

2. Resnik S. Melasma induced by oral contraceptive drugs. JAMA. Feb 27 1967;199(9):601-5. [Medline].

3. Aloi F, Solaroli C, Giovannini E. Actinic lichen planus simulating melasma. Dermatology. 1997;195(1):69-70. [Medline].

4. Tabata H, Yamakage A, Yamazaki S. Bandlike melasma mimicking linear morphea ("en coup de sabre" type). Cutis. Apr 1998;61(4):225-6. [Medline].

5. Kopera D, Hohenleutner U. Ruby laser treatment of melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Dermatol Surg. Nov 1995;21(11):994. [Medline].

6. Taylor CR, Anderson RR. Ineffective treatment of refractory melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation by Q-switched ruby laser. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. Sep 1994;20(9):592-7. [Medline].

7. Nouri K, Bowes L, Chartier T, Romagosa R, Spencer J. Combination treatment of melasma with pulsed CO2 laser followed by Q-switched alexandrite laser: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg. Jun 1999;25(6):494-7. [Medline].

8. Burke H, Carmichael AJ. Reversible melasma associated with tretinoin. Br J Dermatol. Nov 1996;135(5):862. [Medline].

9. Baliña LM, Graupe K. The treatment of melasma. 20% azelaic acid versus 4% hydroquinone cream. Int J Dermatol. Dec 1991;30(12):893-5. [Medline].

10. Breathnach AS. Melanin hyperpigmentation of skin: melasma, topical treatment with azelaic acid, and other therapies. Cutis. Jan 1996;57(1 Suppl):36-45. [Medline].

11. Garcia A, Fulton JE Jr. The combination of glycolic acid and hydroquinone or kojic acid for the treatment of melasma and related conditions. Dermatol Surg. May 1996;22(5):443-7. [Medline].

12. Grimes PE. Melasma. Etiologic and therapeutic considerations. Arch Dermatol. Dec 1995;131(12):1453-7. [Medline].

13. Grimes PE, Stockton T. Pigmentary disorders in blacks. Dermatol Clin. Apr 1988;6(2):271-81. [Medline].

14. Hassan I, Kaur I, Sialy R, Dash RJ. Hormonal milieu in the maintenance of melasma in fertile women. J Dermatol. Aug 1998;25(8):510-2. [Medline].

15. Kang WH, Chun SC, Lee S. Intermittent therapy for melasma in Asian patients with combined topical agents (retinoic acid, hydroquinone and hydrocortisone): clinical and histological studies. J Dermatol. Sep 1998;25(9):587-96. [Medline].

16. Kanwar AJ, Dhar S, Kaur S. Treatment of melasma with potent topical corticosteroids. Dermatology. 1994;188(2):170. [Medline].

17. Kimbrough-Green CK, Griffiths CE, Finkel LJ, Hamilton TA, Bulengo-Ransby SM, Ellis CN, et al. Topical retinoic acid (tretinoin) for melasma in black patients. A vehicle-controlled clinical trial. Arch Dermatol. Jun 1994;130(6):727-33. [Medline].

18. Lawrence N, Cox SE, Brody HJ. Treatment of melasma with Jessner's solution versus glycolic acid: a comparison of clinical efficacy and evaluation of the predictive ability of Wood's light examination. J Am Acad Dermatol. Apr 1997;36(4):589-93. [Medline].

19. Ortonne JP, Passeron T. Melanin pigmentary disorders: treatment update. Dermatol Clin. Apr 2005;23(2):209-26. [Medline].

20. Pathak MA, Fitzpatrick TB, Kraus EW. Usefulness of retinoic acid in the treatment of melasma. J Am Acad Dermatol. Oct 1986;15(4 Pt 2):894-9. [Medline].

21. Pérez M, Sánchez JL, Aguiló F. Endocrinologic profile of patients with idiopathic melasma. J Invest Dermatol. Dec 1983;81(6):543-5. [Medline].

22. Sialy R, Hassan I, Kaur I, Dash RJ. Melasma in men: a hormonal profile. J Dermatol. Jan 2000;27(1):64-5. [Medline].

23. Wolf R, Wolf D, Tamir A, Politi Y. Melasma: a mask of stress. Br J Dermatol. Aug 1991;125(2):192-3. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

chloasma, the mask of pregnancy, hypermelanosis

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Andrew D Montemarano, DO, Consulting Staff, The Skin Cancer Surgery Center
Andrew D Montemarano, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology, and American Society for Dermatologic Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

James Fulton Jr, MD, PhD, Medical Director, Fulton Skin Institute
James Fulton Jr, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery, American Academy of Dermatology, Phi Beta Kappa, and Sigma Xi
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Richard P Vinson, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Mountain View Dermatology, PA
Richard P Vinson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Association of Military Dermatologists, Texas Dermatological Society, and Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

John G Albertini, MD, Consulting Staff, Dermatologic Surgery, The Skin Surgery Center
John G Albertini, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology and American College of Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Joel M Gelfand, MD, MSCE, Medical Director, Clinical Studies Unit, Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Associate Scholar, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania
Joel M Gelfand, MD, MSCE is a member of the following medical societies: Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: AMGEN Consulting fee Consulting; AMGEN Grant/research funds None; Genentech Consulting fee Consulting; Centocor Consulting fee Consulting; Centocor Grant/research funds None; Covance Consulting fee Consulting; Shire  Consulting

Chief Editor

William D James, MD, Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Vice-Chair, Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Health System
William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology and Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: elsevier Royalty Other; american college of physicians Honoraria Other