Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spot) Differential Diagnoses
- Author: Abdul-Ghani Kibbi, MD; Chief Editor: Dirk M Elston, MD more...
Cordova A. The Mongolian spot: a study of ethnic differences and a literature review. Clin Pediatr (Phila). Nov 1981;20(11):714-9. [Medline].
Reza AM, Farahnaz GZ, Hamideh S, Alinaghi SA, Saeed Z, Mostafa H. Incidence of Mongolian spots and its common sites at two university hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Pediatr Dermatol. Jul-Aug 2010;27(4):397-8. [Medline].
Zagne V, Fernandes NC. Dermatoses in the first 72 h of life: A clinical and statistical survey. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. Jul-Aug 2011;77(4):470-6. [Medline].
Leung AK, Kao CP, Leung AA. Persistent Mongolian spots in Chinese adults. Int J Dermatol. Jan 2005;44(1):43-5. [Medline].
Leung AK, Kao CP. Extensive mongolian spots with involvement of the scalp. Pediatr Dermatol. Sep-Oct 1999;16(5):371-2. [Medline].
Leung AK, Kao CP, Lee TK. Mongolian spots with involvement of the temporal area. Int J Dermatol. Apr 2001;40(4):288-9. [Medline].
Leung AK, Robson WL. Superimposed Mongolian spots. Pediatr Dermatol. Mar-Apr 2008;25(2):233-5. [Medline].
Igawa HH, Ohura T, Sugihara T, Ishikawa T, Kumakiri M. Cleft lip mongolian spot: mongolian spot associated with cleft lip. J Am Acad Dermatol. Apr 1994;30(4):566-9. [Medline].
Mosher DB, Fitzpatrick TB, Yoshiaki H, et al. Disorders of pigmentation. In: Fitzpatrick TB, ed. Dermatology in General Medicine. Vol 1. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1993:903-95.
Achtelik W, Tronnier M, Wolff HH. [Combined naevus flammeus and naevus fuscocoeruleus: phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type IIa]. Hautarzt. Sep 1997;48(9):653-6. [Medline].
Huang C, Lee P. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb with renal anomaly. Clin Exp Dermatol. Jan 2000;25(1):51-4. [Medline].
Kawara S, Takata M, Hirone T, Tomita K, Hamaoka H. [A new variety of neurocutaneous melanosis: benign leptomeningeal melanocytoma associated with extensive Mongolian spot on the back]. Nippon Hifuka Gakkai Zasshi. Apr 1989;99(5):561-6. [Medline].
Torrelo A, Zambrano A, Happle R. Large aberrant Mongolian spots coexisting with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type V or phacomatosis cesiomarmorata). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Mar 2006;20(3):308-10. [Medline].
Uysal G, Guven A, Ozhan B, Ozturk MH, Mutluay AH, Tulunay O. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis with Sturge-Weber syndrome: a case report. J Dermatol. Jul 2000;27(7):467-70. [Medline].
Van Gysel D, Oranje AP, Stroink H, Simonsz HJ. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis. Pediatr Dermatol. Jan-Feb 1996;13(1):33-5. [Medline].
Inamadar AC, Palit A. Persistent, aberrant Mongolian spots in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol. Jan-Feb 2007;24(1):98-9. [Medline].
Rybojad M, Moraillon I, Ogier de Baulny H, Prigent F, Morel P. [Extensive Mongolian spot related to Hurler disease]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. Jan 1999;126(1):35-7. [Medline].
Ochiai T, Ito K, Okada T, Chin M, Shichino H, Mugishima H. Significance of extensive Mongolian spots in Hunter's syndrome. Br J Dermatol. Jun 2003;148(6):1173-8. [Medline].
Snow TM. Mongolian spots in the newborn: do they mean anything?. Neonatal Netw. Jan-Feb 2005;24(1):31-3. [Medline].
AlJasser M, Al-Khenaizan S. Cutaneous mimickers of child abuse: a primer for pediatricians. Eur J Pediatr. Nov 2008;167(11):1221-30. [Medline].
Ashrafi MR, Shabanian R, Mohammadi M, Kavusi S. Extensive Mongolian spots: a clinical sign merits special attention. Pediatr Neurol. Feb 2006;34(2):143-5. [Medline].
Kagami S, Asahina A, Watanabe R, et al. Laser treatment of 26 Japanese patients with Mongolian spots. Dermatol Surg. Dec 2008;34(12):1689-94. [Medline].
Shirakawa M, Ozawa T, Ohasi N, Ishii M, Harada T. Comparison of regional efficacy and complications in the treatment of aberrant Mongolian spots with the Q-switched ruby laser. J Cosmet Laser Ther. Jun 2010;12(3):138-42. [Medline].
Ahn JS, Kim SD, Hwang JH, Youn SW, Kim KH, Park KC. Halo-like disappearance of mongolian spot combined with café au lait spot. Pediatr Dermatol. Jan-Feb 1998;15(1):70-1. [Medline].
Levene A. Disseminated dermal melanocytosis terminating in melanoma. A human condition resembling equine melanotic disease. Br J Dermatol. Aug 1979;101(2):197-205. [Medline].
Rivers JK, Frederiksen PC, Dibdin C. A prevalence survey of dermatoses in the Australian neonate. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jul 1990;23(1):77-81. [Medline].

