eMedicine Specialties > Dermatology > Diseases of Pigmentation

Vitiligo: Multimedia

Author: Vlada Groysman, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama School of Medicine
Coauthor(s): Naveed Sami, MD, FAAD, Assistant Professor Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama School of Medicine
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Aug 8, 2008

Multimedia

Trichrome vitiligo.Media file 1: Trichrome vitiligo.
Trichrome vitiligo.

Trichrome vitiligo.

Marginal inflammatory vitiligo.Media file 2: Marginal inflammatory vitiligo.
Marginal inflammatory vitiligo.

Marginal inflammatory vitiligo.

Segmental vitiligo.Media file 3: Segmental vitiligo.
Segmental vitiligo.

Segmental vitiligo.

Nonsegmental vitiligo.Media file 4: Nonsegmental vitiligo.
Nonsegmental vitiligo.

Nonsegmental vitiligo.

More on Vitiligo

Overview: Vitiligo
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Vitiligo
Treatment & Medication: Vitiligo
Follow-up: Vitiligo
Multimedia: Vitiligo
References

References

  1. Le Poole IC, Luiten RM. Autoimmune etiology of generalized vitiligo. Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2008;10:227-43. [Medline].

  2. Toussaint S, Kamino H. Noninfectous papular and squamous diseases. In: Elder D, Elenitas R, Jaworsky D, Johnson B Jr. Lever's Histopathology of the Skin. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincot-Raven; 1997:154-5.

  3. Schallreuter KU, Wood JM, Pittelkow MR, Gütlich M, Lemke KR, Rödl W, et al. Regulation of melanin biosynthesis in the human epidermis by tetrahydrobiopterin. Science. Mar 11 1994;263(5152):1444-6. [Medline].

  4. Ongenae K, Van Geel N, Naeyaert JM. Evidence for an autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo. Pigment Cell Res. Apr 2003;16(2):90-100. [Medline].

  5. van den Wijngaard RM, Aten J, Scheepmaker A, Le Poole IC, Tigges AJ, Westerhof W, et al. Expression and modulation of apoptosis regulatory molecules in human melanocytes: significance in vitiligo. Br J Dermatol. Sep 2000;143(3):573-81. [Medline].

  6. Ortonne J. Vitiligo and other disorders of Hypopigmentation. In: Bolognia J, Jorizzo J, Rapini R, eds. Dermatology. Vol 1. 2nd. Spain: Elsevier; 2008:65.

  7. Kovacs SO. Vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol. May 1998;38(5 Pt 1):647-66; quiz 667-8. [Medline].

  8. Spritz RA. The genetics of generalized vitiligo. Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2008;10:244-57. [Medline].

  9. Halder R, Taliaferro S. Vitiligo. In: Wolff K, Goldsmith L, Katz S, Gilchrest B, Paller A, Lefell D, eds. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. Vol 1. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2008:72.

  10. Hann S-K. Clinical variants of vitiligo. In: Lotti T, Hercogova J, eds. Vitiligo: Problems and Solutions. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2004:159-73.

  11. Rashtak S, Pittelkow MR. Skin involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases. Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2008;10:344-58. [Medline].

  12. Pajvani U, Ahmad N, Wiley A, Levy RM, Kundu R, Mancini AJ, et al. The relationship between family medical history and childhood vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol. Aug 2006;55(2):238-44. [Medline].

  13. Aydogan K, Turan OF, Onart S, Karadogan SK, Tunali S. Audiological abnormalities in patients with vitiligo. Clin Exp Dermatol. Jan 2006;31(1):110-3. [Medline].

  14. Ardiç FN, Aktan S, Kara CO, Sanli B. High-frequency hearing and reflex latency in patients with pigment disorder. Am J Otolaryngol. Nov-Dec 1998;19(6):365-9. [Medline].

  15. Gül U, Kiliç A, Tulunay O, Kaygusuz G. Vitiligo associated with malignant melanoma and lupus erythematosus. J Dermatol. Feb 2007;34(2):142-5. [Medline].

  16. Matz H, Tur E. Vitiligo. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2007;35:78-102. [Medline].

  17. McKee P, Calonje E, Granter S, eds. Disorders of Pigmentation. In: Pathology of the Skin with Clinical Correlations. Vol 2. 3rd ed. China: Elsevier Mosby; 2005:993-7.

  18. Moellmann G, Klein-Angerer S, Scollay DA, Nordlund JJ, Lerner AB. Extracellular granular material and degeneration of keratinocytes in the normally pigmented epidermis of patients with vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol. Nov 1982;79(5):321-30. [Medline].

  19. Schallreuter KU, Bahadoran P, Picardo M, Slominski A, Elassiuty YE, Kemp EH, et al. Vitiligo pathogenesis: autoimmune disease, genetic defect, excessive reactive oxygen species, calcium imbalance, or what else?. Exp Dermatol. Feb 2008;17(2):139-40; discussion 141-60. [Medline].

  20. Menchini G, Lotti T, Tsoureli-Nikita E. UV-B narrowband micro phototherapy. In: Lotti T, Hercogova J, eds. Vitiligo: Problems and Solutions. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2004:323-34.

  21. Passeron T, Ostovari N, Zakaria W, Fontas E, Larrouy JC, Lacour JP, et al. Topical tacrolimus and the 308-nm excimer laser: a synergistic combination for the treatment of vitiligo. Arch Dermatol. Sep 2004;140(9):1065-9. [Medline].

  22. Lotti T, Prignano F, Buggiani G. New and experimental treatments of vitiligo and other hypomelanoses. Dermatol Clin. Jul 2007;25(3):393-400, ix. [Medline].

  23. Lotti T, Gori A, Zanieri F, Colucci R, Moretti S. Vitiligo: new and emerging treatments. Dermatol Ther. Mar-Apr 2008;21(2):110-7. [Medline].

  24. Esfandiarpour I, Ekhlasi A, Farajzadeh S, Shamsadini S. The efficacy of pimecrolimus 1% cream plus narrow-band ultraviolet B in the treatment of vitiligo: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Dermatolog Treat. Jun 16 2008;1-5. [Medline].

  25. Njoo MD, Westerhof W. Therapeutic guidelines for vitiligo. In: Lotti T, Hercogova J, eds. Vitiligo: Problems and Solutions. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2004:235-52.

  26. Chimento SM, Newland M, Ricotti C, Nistico S, Romanelli P. A pilot study to determine the safety and efficacy of monochromatic excimer light in the treatment of vitiligo. J Drugs Dermatol. Mar 2008;7(3):258-63. [Medline].

  27. Falabella R. Surgical approaches for stable vitiligo. Dermatol Surg. Oct 2005;31(10):1277-84. [Medline].

  28. van Geel N, Ongenae K, Naeyaert JM. Surgical techniques for vitiligo: a review. Dermatology. 2001;202(2):162-6. [Medline].

  29. Rusfianti M, Wirohadidjodjo YW. Dermatosurgical techniques for repigmentation of vitiligo. Int J Dermatol. Apr 2006;45(4):411-7. [Medline].

  30. McGovern TW, Bolognia J, Leffell DJ. Flip-top pigment transplantation: a novel transplantation procedure for the treatment of depigmentation. Arch Dermatol. Nov 1999;135(11):1305-7. [Medline].

  31. Hann S-K. Clinical features of segmental vitiligo. In: Hann S-K, Nordlund J, eds. Vitiligo: Monograph on the Basic and Clinical Science. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science; 2000:49-69.

  32. Hossain D. Assessment scale used in vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jun 2005;52(6):1110-1. [Medline].

  33. Mollet I, Ongenae K, Naeyaert JM. Origin, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of hypomelanotic skin disorders. Dermatol Clin. Jul 2007;25(3):363-71, ix. [Medline].

  34. Nordlund JJ, Ortonne JP. Vitiligo vulgaris. In: King R, Nordlund J, Boissy R, Hearing V, eds. The Pigmentary System: Physiology & Pathophysiology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1998:513-40.

  35. Tobin DJ, Swanson NN, Pittelkow MR, Peters EM, Schallreuter KU. Melanocytes are not absent in lesional skin of long duration vitiligo. J Pathol. Aug 2000;191(4):407-16. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

vitiligo, hypopigmentation, white spot disease, acquired leukoderma, nonpigmented skin, depigmented skin, depigmentation, loss of melanin, hypomelanosis, HLA-DR4, HLA-B13, HLA-B35, leukotrichia, trichrome vitiligo, blue vitiligo

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Vlada Groysman, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama School of Medicine
Vlada Groysman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Medical Dermatology Society, and Women's Dermatologic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Naveed Sami, MD, FAAD, Assistant Professor Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama School of Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Mark G Lebwohl, MD, Chairman, Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Mark G Lebwohl, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Abbott Laboratories Honoraria Consulting; Actelion Honoraria Consulting; Amgen Honoraria Consulting; Astellas Honoraria Consulting; Centocor Honoraria Consulting; DermiPsor Honoraria Consulting; Galderma  Consulting; Genentech Honoraria Consulting; Helix BioMedix Honoraria Consulting; Medicis Honoraria Investigator

Pharmacy Editor

David F Butler, MD, Professor of Dermatology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Chair, Department of Dermatology, Director, Dermatology Residency Training Program, Scott and White Clinic, Northside Clinic
David F Butler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, American Society for MOHS Surgery, Association of Military Dermatologists, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Edward F Chan, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Edward F Chan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology, and Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Catherine Quirk, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Brown University
Catherine Quirk, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Dirk M Elston, MD, Director, Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center
Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.