Mycetoma: Multimedia

References

1. Welsh O, Vera-Cabrera L, Salinas-Carmona MC. Mycetoma. Clin Dermatol. Mar-Apr 2007;25(2):195-202. [Medline].

2. Solis-Soto JM, Quintanilla-Rodriguez LE, Meester I, et al. In situ detection and distribution of inflammatory cytokines during the course of infection with Nocardia brasiliensis. Histol Histopathol. May 2008;23(5):573-81. [Medline].

3. Salinas-Carmona MC, Perez-Rivera I. Humoral immunity through immunoglobulin M protects mice from an experimental actinomycetoma infection by Nocardia brasiliensis. Infect Immun. Oct 2004;72(10):5597-604. [Medline].

4. Lopez Martinez R, Mendez Tovar LJ, Lavalle P, Welsh O, Saul A, Macotela Ruiz E. [Epidemiology of mycetoma in Mexico: study of 2105 cases]. Gac Med Mex. Jul-Aug 1992;128(4):477-81. [Medline].

5. van de Sande WW, Fahal A, Verbrugh H, van Belkum A. Polymorphisms in genes involved in innate immunity predispose toward mycetoma susceptibility. J Immunol. Sep 1 2007;179(5):3065-74. [Medline].

6. Kashima M, Kano R, Mikami Y, et al. A successfully treated case of mycetoma due to Nocardia veterana. Br J Dermatol. Jun 2005;152(6):1349-52. [Medline].

7. Rodriguez-Nava V, Couble A, Molinard C, Sandoval H, Boiron P, Laurent F. Nocardia mexicana sp. nov., a new pathogen isolated from human mycetomas. J Clin Microbiol. Oct 2004;42(10):4530-5. [Medline].

8. Brown-Elliott BA, Brown JM, Conville PS, Wallace RJ Jr. Clinical and laboratory features of the Nocardia spp. based on current molecular taxonomy. Clin Microbiol Rev. Apr 2006;19(2):259-82. [Medline].

9. Desnos-Ollivier M, Bretagne S, Dromer F, Lortholary O, Dannaoui E. Molecular identification of black-grain mycetoma agents. J Clin Microbiol. Oct 2006;44(10):3517-23. [Medline].

10. Salinas-Carmona MC, Welsh O, Casillas SM. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of Nocardia brasiliensis and clinical correlation with mycetoma infections. J Clin Microbiol. Nov 1993;31(11):2901-6. [Medline].

11. Vera-Cabrera L, Salinas-Carmona MC, Welsh O, Rodriguez MA. Isolation and purification of two immunodominant antigens from Nocardia brasiliensis. J Clin Microbiol. May 1992;30(5):1183-8. [Medline].

12. Lacroix C, de Kerviler E, Morel P, Derouin F, Feuilhade de Chavin M. Madurella mycetomatis mycetoma treated successfully with oral voriconazole. Br J Dermatol. May 2005;152(5):1067-8. [Medline].

13. Negroni R, Tobon A, Bustamante B, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Patino H, Restrepo A. Posaconazole treatment of refractory eumycetoma and chromoblastomycosis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. Nov-Dec 2005;47(6):339-46. [Medline].

14. N'diaye B, Dieng MT, Perez A, Stockmeyer M, Bakshi R. Clinical efficacy and safety of oral terbinafine in fungal mycetoma. Int J Dermatol. Feb 2006;45(2):154-7. [Medline].

15. Welsh O, Sauceda E, Gonzalez J, Ocampo J. Amikacin alone and in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of actinomycotic mycetoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. Sep 1987;17(3):443-8. [Medline].

16. Fuentes A, Arenas R, Reyes M, Fernandez RF, Zacarias R. [Actinomycetoma and Nocardia sp. Report of five cases treated with imipenem or imipenem plus amikacin]. Gac Med Mex. May-Jun 2006;142(3):247-52. [Medline].

17. Vera-Cabrera L, Daw-Garza A, Said-Fernandez S, et al. Therapeutic Effect of a Novel Oxazolidinone, DA-7867, in BALB/c Mice Infected with Nocardia brasiliensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. Sep 10 2008;2(9):e289. [Medline].

18. Chacon-Moreno BE, Welsh O, Cavazos-Rocha N, et al. Efficacy of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against Nocardia brasiliensis in vitro and in an experimental model of actinomycetoma in BALB/c mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Jan 2009;53(1):295-7. [Medline].

19. Hay RJ, Mahgoub ES, Leon G, al-Sogair S, Welsh O. Mycetoma. J Med Vet Mycol. 1992;30 Suppl 1:41-9. [Medline].

20. Mahgoub ES, Murray IG. Mycetoma. London, England: William Heinemann; 1973:76-115.

21. Mariat F, Destombes P, Segretain G. The mycetomas: clinical features, pathology, etiology and epidemiology. Contrib Microbiol Immunol. 1977;4:1-39. [Medline].

22. van de Sande WW, Janse DJ, Hira V, et al. Translationally controlled tumor protein from Madurella mycetomatis, a marker for tumorous mycetoma progression. J Immunol. Aug 1 2006;177(3):1997-2005. [Medline].

23. Vera-Cabrera L, Gonzalez E, Rendon A, et al. In vitro activities of DA-7157 and DA-7218 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nocardia brasiliensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Sep 2006;50(9):3170-2. [Medline].

24. Welsh O. Mycetoma. Current concepts in treatment. Int J Dermatol. Jun 1991;30(6):387-98. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

mycetoma, Madura foot, maduromycosis, actinomycetoma, eumycetoma, Nocardia species, Actinomadura species, Streptomyces species, Nocardiopsis species, Nocardia brasiliensis, N brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae, A madurae, Madurella mycetomatis, M mycetomatis, Streptomyces somaliensis, S somaliensis, Actinomadura pelletieri, A pelletieri

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Oliverio Welsh, MD, DSc, Former Chair, Active Emeritus Professor, Department of Dermatology, Universidad Autónoma De Nuevo León, Mexico
Oliverio Welsh, MD, DSc is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology and Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Lucio Vera-Cabrera, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, México
Lucio Vera-Cabrera, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Microbiology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mario C Salinas-Carmona, MD, PhD, Chair, Department of Immunology, Universidad Autónoma De Nuevo León, Mexico
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Susan M Swetter, MD, Director, Pigmented Lesion and Cutaneous Melanoma Clinic, Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System
Susan M Swetter, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Pacific Dermatologic Association, Society for Investigative Dermatology, Society for Melanoma Research, and Women's Dermatologic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Richard P Vinson, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Mountain View Dermatology, PA
Richard P Vinson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Association of Military Dermatologists, Texas Dermatological Society, and Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Lester F Libow, MD, Dermatopathologist, South Texas Dermatopathology Laboratory
Lester F Libow, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology, and Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Catherine Quirk, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Brown University
Catherine Quirk, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

William D James, MD, Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Vice-Chair, Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Health System
William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology and Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: elsevier Royalty Other; american college of physicians Honoraria Other