Follow-up
Deterrence/Prevention:
- Scurvy can be prevented by consuming fresh fruit and vegetables. As little as 6-10 mg of vitamin C a day is sufficient to maintain body stores of more than 350 mg.
Complications:
- Lethargy, fatigue, and hemorrhagic manifestations of impaired collagen synthesis affecting oral, ophthalmic, musculoskeletal, cardiac, and gastrointestinal structures and functions may occur.
- Cerebral hemorrhage or hemopericardium are potential complications that may lead to death.
Patient Education:
- Patients and their families should be educated about proper nutrition.
The authors and editors of eMedicine gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author, Tarita Thomas, PhD, MBA, to the development and writing of this article.
More on Scurvy |
| Overview: Scurvy |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Scurvy |
| Treatment & Medication: Scurvy |
Follow-up: Scurvy |
| References |
| « Previous Page |
References
Hampl JS, Taylor CA, Johnston CS. Vitamin C deficiency and depletion in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1994. Am J Public Health. May 2004;94(5):870-5. [Medline].
Noble JM, Mandel A, Patterson MC. Scurvy and rickets masked by chronic neurologic illness: revisiting "psychologic malnutrition". Pediatrics. Mar 2007;119(3):e783-90. [Medline].
Duggan CP, Westra SJ, Rosenberg AE. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 23-2007. A 9-year-old boy with bone pain, rash, and gingival hypertrophy. N Engl J Med. Jul 26 2007;357(4):392-400. [Medline].
Arron ST, Liao W, Maurer T. Scurvy: a presenting sign of psychosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. Aug 2007;57(2 Suppl):S8-10. [Medline].
Delanghe JR, Langlois MR, De Buyzere ML, Torck MA. Vitamin C deficiency and scurvy are not only a dietary problem but are codetermined by the haptoglobin polymorphism. Clin Chem. Aug 2007;53(8):1397-400. [Medline].
Emadi-Konjin P, Verjee Z, Levin AV, Adeli K. Measurement of intracellular vitamin C levels in human lymphocytes by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Clin Biochem. May 2005;38(5):450-6. [Medline].
Abernethy DR, Arnold GJ, Azarnoff D. Mosby Drug Consult. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2005.
Carinci F, Pezzetti F, Spina AM, et al. Effect of Vitamin C on pre-osteoblast gene expression. Arch Oral Biol. May 2005;50(5):481-96. [Medline].
Fain O. Musculoskeletal manifestations of scurvy. Joint Bone Spine. Mar 2005;72(2):124-8. [Medline].
Formon J. Nutrition of Normal Infants. Chicago, Ill: Mosby-Year Book; 1993:22, 360-5.
Garg K, Draganescu JM, Albornoz MA. Puzzles in practice. A rash imposition from a lifestyle omission. Vitamin C deficiency. Postgrad Med. Nov 1998;104(5):183-4. [Medline].
Ghorbani AJ, Eichler C. Scurvy. J Am Acad Dermatol. May 1994;30(5 Pt 2):881-3. [Medline].
Grainger RG, Allison D, Adam A. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of Medical Imaging. 4th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2001:1941-3.
Hasan L, Vogeli P, Stoll P, Kramer SS, Stranzinger G, Neuenschwander S. Intragenic deletion in the gene encoding L-gulonolactone oxidase causes vitamin C deficiency in pigs. Mamm Genome. Apr 2004;15(4):323-33. [Medline].
Hatuel H, Buffet M, Mateus C, Calmus Y, Carlotti A, Dupin N. Scurvy in liver transplant patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jul 2006;55(1):154-6. [Medline].
Hirschmann JV, Raugi GJ. Adult scurvy. J Am Acad Dermatol. Dec 1999;41(6):895-906; quiz 907-10. [Medline].
McKenna KE, Dawson JF. Scurvy occurring in a teenager. Clin Exp Dermatol. Jan 1993;18(1):75-7. [Medline].
Olmedo JM, Yiannias JA, Windgassen EB, Gornet MK. Scurvy: a disease almost forgotten. Int J Dermatol. Aug 2006;45(8):909-13. [Medline].
Onorato J, Lynfield Y. Scurvy. Cutis. May 1992;49(5):321-2. [Medline].
Pimentel L. Scurvy: historical review and current diagnostic approach. Am J Emerg Med. Jul 2003;21(4):328-32. [Medline].
Sarkany RPE, Breathnach SM, Seymour CA. Vitamin C deficiency. In: Burns T, Breathnach SM, Cox N, Griffiths CE, eds. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology. Vol. 57. 7th ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell; 2004:94-95.
Schnitzler CM, Schnaid E, MacPhail AP, Mesquita JM, Robson HJ. Ascorbic acid deficiency, iron overload and alcohol abuse underlie the severe osteoporosis in black African patients with hip fractures--a bone histomorphometric study. Calcif Tissue Int. Feb 2005;76(2):79-89. [Medline].
Yalcin A, Ural AU, Beyan C, Tastan B, Demiriz M, Cetin T. Scurvy presenting with cutaneous and articular signs and decrease in red and white blood cells. Int J Dermatol. Dec 1996;35(12):879-81. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
infantile scurvy, Barlow disease, Barlow's disease, vitamin C deficiency, ascorbic acid, widower scurvy, chronic malnutrition
Follow-up: Scurvy