Proteus Syndrome: Multimedia

References

1. Cohen MM Jr, Hayden PW. A newly recognized hamartomatous syndrome. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1979;15(5B):291-6. [Medline].

2. Wiedemann HR, Burgio GR, Aldenhoff P, Kunze J, Kaufmann HJ, Schirg E. The proteus syndrome. Partial gigantism of the hands and/or feet, nevi, hemihypertrophy, subcutaneous tumors, macrocephaly or other skull anomalies and possible accelerated growth and visceral affections. Eur J Pediatr. Mar 1983;140(1):5-12. [Medline].

3. Braun-Falco O, Plewig G, Wolff HH, et al. Dermatology. 2000. 2^nd ed. Berlin: Springer; 849-50.

4. Happle R. Lethal genes surviving by mosaicism: a possible explanation for sporadic birth defects involving the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. Apr 1987;16(4):899-906. [Medline].

5. Cardoso MT, de Carvalho TB, Casulari LA, Ferrari I. Proteus syndrome and somatic mosaicism of the chromosome 16. Panminerva Med. Dec 2003;45(4):267-71. [Medline].

6. Happle R. The manifold faces of proteus syndrome. Arch Dermatol. Aug 2004;140(8):1001-2. [Medline].

7. Cohen MM Jr. Proteus syndrome: an update. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. Aug 15 2005;137(1):38-52. [Medline].

8. Brockmann K, Happle R, Oeffner F, Konig A. Monozygotic twins discordant for Proteus syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. Aug 15 2008;146A(16):2122-5. [Medline].

9. Turner JT, Cohen MM Jr, Biesecker LG. Reassessment of the Proteus syndrome literature: application of diagnostic criteria to published cases. Am J Med Genet A. Oct 1 2004;130(2):111-22. [Medline].

10. Nazzaro V, Cambiaghi S, Montagnani A, Brusasco A, Cerri A, Caputo R. Proteus syndrome. Ultrastructural study of linear verrucous and depigmented nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol. Aug 1991;25(2 Pt 2):377-83. [Medline].

11. Twede JV, Turner JT, Biesecker LG, Darling TN. Evolution of skin lesions in Proteus syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. May 2005;52(5):834-8. [Medline].

12. Biesecker LG, Happle R, Mulliken JB, Weksberg R, Graham JM Jr, Viljoen DL, et al. Proteus syndrome: diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and patient evaluation. Am J Med Genet. Jun 11 1999;84(5):389-95. [Medline].

13. Nguyen D, Turner JT, Olsen C, Biesecker LG, Darling TN. Cutaneous manifestations of proteus syndrome: correlations with general clinical severity. Arch Dermatol. Aug 2004;140(8):947-53. [Medline].

14. del Rosario Barona-Mazuera M, Hidalgo-Galván LR, de la Luz Orozco-Covarrubias, Durán-McKinster C, Tamayo-Sánchez L, Ruiz-Maldonado R. Proteus syndrome: new findings in seven patients. Pediatr Dermatol. Jan-Feb 1997;14(1):1-5. [Medline].

15. Cohen MM Jr. Proteus syndrome. In: Cohen MM Jr, Neri G, Weksberg R, eds. Overgrowth Syndromes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2002:75-110.

16. Nelson AA, Ruben BS. Isolated plantar collagenoma not associated with Proteus syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. Mar 2008;58(3):497-9. [Medline].

17. Samlaska CP, Levin SW, James WD, Benson PM, Walker JC, Perlik PC. Proteus syndrome. Arch Dermatol. Aug 1989;125(8):1109-14. [Medline].

18. Atherton DJ. Naevi and other developmental defects. In: Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, eds. Rook/Wilkinson/Ebling's Textbook of Dermatology. 6^th ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell Science; 1998:519-616.

19. Cohen MM Jr. Proteus syndrome: clinical evidence for somatic mosaicism and selective review. Am J Med Genet. Oct 1 1993;47(5):645-52. [Medline].

20. Jamis-Dow CA, Turner J, Biesecker LG, Choyke PL. Radiologic manifestations of Proteus syndrome. Radiographics. Jul-Aug 2004;24(4):1051-68. [Medline].

21. Asahina A, Fujita H, Omori T, Kai H, Yamamoto M, Mii K. Proteus syndrome complicated by multiple spinal meningiomas. Clin Exp Dermatol. Nov 2008;33(6):729-32. [Medline].

22. Newman B, Urbach AH, Orenstein D, Dickman PS. Proteus syndrome: emphasis on the pulmonary manifestations. Pediatr Radiol. 1994;24(3):189-93. [Medline].

23. Franc-Guimond J, Houle AM, Barrieras D. The Proteus syndrome associated with life threatening hematuria. J Urol. Dec 2003;170(6 Pt 1):2418-9. [Medline].

24. De Becker I, Gajda DJ, Gilbert-Barness E, Cohen MM Jr. Ocular manifestations in Proteus syndrome. Am J Med Genet. Jun 19 2000;92(5):350-2. [Medline].

25. Hodge D, Misbah SA, Mueller RF, Glass EJ, Chetcuti PA. Proteus syndrome and immunodeficiency. Arch Dis Child. Mar 2000;82(3):234-5. [Medline].

26. Biesecker LG, Peters KF, Darling TN, Choyke P, Hill S, Schimke N, et al. Clinical differentiation between Proteus syndrome and hemihyperplasia: description of a distinct form of hemihyperplasia. Am J Med Genet. Oct 2 1998;79(4):311-8. [Medline].

27. Hagari Y, Aso M, Shimao S, Okano T, Kurimasa A, Takeshita K. Proteus syndrome: report of the first Japanese case with special reference to differentiation from Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. J Dermatol. Aug 1992;19(8):477-80. [Medline].

28. McCall S, Ramzy MI, Curé JK, Pai GS. Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis and the Proteus syndrome: distinct entities with overlapping manifestations. Am J Med Genet. Jul 1 1992;43(4):662-8. [Medline].

29. Biesecker LG. Proteus Syndrome. In: Cassidy SB, Allanson JE, eds. Management of Genetic Syndromes. 2^nd ed. New York, NY: Wiley-Liss; 2005:437-44.

30. Cohen MM Jr. Causes of premature death in Proteus syndrome. Am J Med Genet. Jun 1 2001;101(1):1-3. [Medline].

31. Lublin M, Schwartzentruber DJ, Lukish J, Chester C, Biesecker LG, Newman KD. Principles for the surgical management of patients with Proteus syndrome and patients with overgrowth not meeting Proteus criteria. J Pediatr Surg. Jul 2002;37(7):1013-20. [Medline].

32. Vaughn RY, Selinger AD, Howell CG, Parrish RA, Edgerton MT. Proteus syndrome: diagnosis and surgical management. J Pediatr Surg. Jan 1993;28(1):5-10. [Medline].

33. Peters KF, Biesecker LG. An opportunity for genetic counseling intervention: Depression in parents of individuals with proteus syndrome. J Genet Couns. 2000;9:161-70.

34. Choi ML, Wey PD, Borah GL. Pediatric peripheral neuropathy in proteus syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. May 1998;40(5):528-32. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

PS, hamartomatous disorder, multifarious mesodermal malformation, plurifocal overgrowth, partial gigantism, regional gigantism

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Matthew J Mahlberg, MD, Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine
Matthew J Mahlberg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Mina Yassaee, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Mina Yassaee is a member of the following medical societies: Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

William D James, MD, Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Vice-Chair, Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Health System
William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology and Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: elsevier Royalty Other; american college of physicians Honoraria Other

Medical Editor

Albert C Yan, MD, Section Chief, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania
Albert C Yan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Academy of Pediatrics, Society for Investigative Dermatology, and Society for Pediatric Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

David F Butler, MD, Professor of Dermatology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Chair, Department of Dermatology, Director, Dermatology Residency Training Program, Scott and White Clinic, Northside Clinic
David F Butler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, American Society for MOHS Surgery, Association of Military Dermatologists, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Jeffrey J Miller, MD, Associate Professor of Dermatology, Penn State University College of Medicine; Staff Dermatologist, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center
Jeffrey J Miller, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, Association of Professors of Dermatology, North American Hair Research Society, and Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Catherine Quirk, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Brown University
Catherine Quirk, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Dirk M Elston, MD, Director, Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center
Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.