eMedicine Specialties > Dermatology > Reactive & Inflammatory Dermatoses

Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus: Multimedia

Author: Jeffrey Meffert, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jan 29, 2009

Multimedia

Lichen sclerosus demonstrating classic hourglass ...Media file 1: Lichen sclerosus demonstrating classic hourglass or figure 8 vulvar and perianal distribution. Courtesy of Wilford Hall Medical Center slide files.
Lichen sclerosus demonstrating classic hourglass ...

Lichen sclerosus demonstrating classic hourglass or figure 8 vulvar and perianal distribution. Courtesy of Wilford Hall Medical Center slide files.

Extragenital lichen sclerosus demonstrating coale...Media file 2: Extragenital lichen sclerosus demonstrating coalescing pitted white papules. Courtesy of Wilford Hall Medical Center slide files.
Extragenital lichen sclerosus demonstrating coale...

Extragenital lichen sclerosus demonstrating coalescing pitted white papules. Courtesy of Wilford Hall Medical Center slide files.

Typical lichen sclerosus histology demonstrating ...Media file 3: Typical lichen sclerosus histology demonstrating homogenized edematous papillary (upper) dermis and effaced epidermis.
Typical lichen sclerosus histology demonstrating ...

Typical lichen sclerosus histology demonstrating homogenized edematous papillary (upper) dermis and effaced epidermis.

More advanced vulvar lichen sclerosus; eroded are...Media file 4: More advanced vulvar lichen sclerosus; eroded areas need to be carefully examined and a biopsy sample should be taken to exclude coexistent squamous cell carcinoma. Courtesy of Wilford Hall Medical Center Dermatology slide files.
More advanced vulvar lichen sclerosus; eroded are...

More advanced vulvar lichen sclerosus; eroded areas need to be carefully examined and a biopsy sample should be taken to exclude coexistent squamous cell carcinoma. Courtesy of Wilford Hall Medical Center Dermatology slide files.

Male genital lichen sclerosus may present with a ...Media file 5: Male genital lichen sclerosus may present with a sclerotic ring at the edge of the prepuce or anywhere on the glans itself. Advanced disease at the urethral os may lead to urinary obstruction. Courtesy of Wilford Hall Medical Center Dermatology Slide files.
Male genital lichen sclerosus may present with a ...

Male genital lichen sclerosus may present with a sclerotic ring at the edge of the prepuce or anywhere on the glans itself. Advanced disease at the urethral os may lead to urinary obstruction. Courtesy of Wilford Hall Medical Center Dermatology Slide files.

Late lichen sclerosus may show less edema in the ...Media file 6: Late lichen sclerosus may show less edema in the upper dermis and more sclerosis throughout the dermis. Involvement of the lower dermis or fat may occur in lichen sclerosus/scleroderma overlap presentations.
Late lichen sclerosus may show less edema in the ...

Late lichen sclerosus may show less edema in the upper dermis and more sclerosis throughout the dermis. Involvement of the lower dermis or fat may occur in lichen sclerosus/scleroderma overlap presentations.

More on Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus

Overview: Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
Treatment & Medication: Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
Follow-up: Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
Multimedia: Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
References

References

  1. Chan I, Oyama N, Neill SM, Wojnarowska F, Black MM, McGrath JA. Characterization of IgG autoantibodies to extracellular matrix protein 1 in lichen sclerosus. Clin Exp Dermatol. Sep 2004;29(5):499-504. [Medline].

  2. Regauer S, Liegl B, Reich O, Beham-Schmid C. Vasculitis in lichen sclerosus: an under recognized feature?. Histopathology. Sep 2004;45(3):237-44. [Medline].

  3. Kowalewski C, Kozlowska A, Chan I, et al. Three-dimensional imaging reveals major changes in skin microvasculature in lipoid proteinosis and lichen sclerosus. J Dermatol Sci. Jun 2005;38(3):215-24. [Medline].

  4. Hunger RE, Bronnimann M, Kappeler A, Mueller C, Braathen LR, Yawalkar N. Detection of perforin and granzyme B mRNA expressing cells in lichen sclerosus. Exp Dermatol. May 2007;16(5):416-20. [Medline].

  5. De Vito JR, Merogi AJ, Vo T, et al. Role of Borrelia burgdorferi in the pathogenesis of morphea/scleroderma and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: a PCR study of thirty-five cases. J Cutan Pathol. Aug 1996;23(4):350-8. [Medline].

  6. Eisendle K, Grabner T, Kutzner H, Zelger B. Possible role of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in lichen sclerosus. Arch Dermatol. May 2008;144(5):591-8. [Medline].

  7. Cooper SM, Ali I, Baldo M, Wojnarowska F. The association of lichen sclerosus and erosive lichen planus of the vulva with autoimmune disease: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol. Nov 2008;144(11):1432-5. [Medline].

  8. Gunthert AR, Faber M, Knappe G, Hellriegel S, Emons G. Early onset vulvar Lichen Sclerosus in premenopausal women and oral contraceptives. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Mar 2008;137(1):56-60. [Medline].

  9. Prowse DM, Ktori EN, Chandrasekaran D, Prapa A, Baithun S. Human papillomavirus-associated increase in p16INK4A expression in penile lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol. Feb 2008;158(2):261-5. [Medline].

  10. Stucker M, Grape J, Bechara FG, Hoffmann K, Altmeyer P. The outcome after cryosurgery and intralesional steroid injection in vulvar lichen sclerosus corresponds to preoperative histopathological findings. Dermatology. 2005;210(3):218-22. [Medline].

  11. Kreuter A, Gambichler T. Narrowband UV-B phototherapy for extragenital lichen sclerosus. Arch Dermatol. Sep 2007;143(9):1213. [Medline].

  12. Romero A, Hernandez-Nunez A, Cordoba-Guijarro S, Arias-Palomo D, Borbujo-Martinez J. Treatment of recalcitrant erosive vulvar lichen sclerosus with photodynamic therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. Aug 2007;57(2 Suppl):S46-7. [Medline].

  13. Vermaat H, Smienk F, Rustemeyer T, Bruynzeel DP, Kirtschig G. Anogenital allergic contact dermatitis, the role of spices and flavour allergy. Contact Dermatitis. Oct 2008;59(4):233-7. [Medline].

  14. Fischer G, Rogers M. Treatment of childhood vulvar lichen sclerosus with potent topical corticosteroid. Pediatr Dermatol. May-Jun 1997;14(3):235-8. [Medline].

  15. Bornstein J, Heifetz S, Kellner Y, Stolar Z, Abramovici H. Clobetasol dipropionate 0.05% versus testosterone propionate 2% topical application for severe vulvar lichen sclerosus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jan 1998;178(1 Pt 1):80-4. [Medline].

  16. Lindhagen T. Topical clobetasol propionate compared with placebo in the treatment of unretractable foreskin. Eur J Surg. Dec 1996;162(12):969-72. [Medline].

  17. Jones RW, Sadler L, Grant S, Whineray J, Exeter M, Rowan D. Clinically identifying women with vulvar lichen sclerosus at increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. J Reprod Med. Oct 2004;49(10):808-11. [Medline].

  18. Fung MA, LeBoit PE. Light microscopic criteria for the diagnosis of early vulvar lichen sclerosus: a comparison with lichen planus. Am J Surg Pathol. Apr 1998;22(4):473-8. [Medline].

  19. Meffert JJ, Davis BM, Grimwood RE. Lichen sclerosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. Mar 1995;32(3):393-416; quiz 417-8. [Medline].

  20. Pugliese JM, Morey AF, Peterson AC. Lichen sclerosus: review of the literature and current recommendations for management. J Urol. Dec 2007;178(6):2268-76. [Medline].

  21. Thomas RH, Ridley CM, McGibbon DH, Black MM. Anogenital lichen sclerosus in women. J R Soc Med. Dec 1996;89(12):694-8. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

lichen sclerosus, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, kraurosis vulvae, balanitis xerotica obliterans

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Jeffrey Meffert, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio
Jeffrey Meffert, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Association of Military Dermatologists, and Texas Dermatological Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Ponciano D Cruz Jr, MD, Vice-Chair, JB Shelmire Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Ponciano D Cruz Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

David F Butler, MD, Professor of Dermatology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Chair, Department of Dermatology, Director, Dermatology Residency Training Program, Scott and White Clinic
David F Butler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, American Society for MOHS Surgery, Association of Military Dermatologists, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: 3M Pharmaceutical Grant/research funds Other; Graceway Pharmaceuticals Grant/research funds Other

Managing Editor

Edward F Chan, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Edward F Chan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology, and Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Catherine Quirk, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Brown University
Catherine Quirk, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Dirk M Elston, MD, Director, Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center
Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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