eMedicine Specialties > Neurology > Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials

Clinical Utility of Evoked Potentials: Multimedia

Author: Leslie Huszar, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Indian River Memorial Hospital
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Apr 18, 2006

Multimedia

Normal brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAER...Media file 1: Normal brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAER).
Normal brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAER...

Normal brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAER).

More on Clinical Utility of Evoked Potentials

References

References

  1. Abbruzzese G, Reni L, Cocito L, et al. Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in degenerative and vascular dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Sep 1984;47(9):1034-7. [Medline].

  2. Arrington ED, Hochschild DP, Steinagle TJ. Monitoring of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials during open reduction and internal fixation of pelvis and acetabular fractures. Orthopedics. Oct 2000;23(10):1081-3. [Medline].

  3. Atilla H, Tekeli O, Ornek K. Pattern electroretinography and visual evoked potentials in optic nerve diseases. J Clin Neurosci. Jan 2006;13(1):55-9. [Medline].

  4. Baba H, Maezawa Y, Imura S, et al. Spinal cord evoked potential monitoring for cervical and thoracic compressive myelopathy. Paraplegia. Feb 1996;34(2):100-6. [Medline].

  5. Bartel PR, Lotz BP, Van der Meyden CH. Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in dystrophia myotonica. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. May 1984;47(5):524-9. [Medline].

  6. Baumgartner J, Epstein CM. Voluntary alteration of visual evoked potential. Ann Neurol. 1982;12:476.

  7. Berthier E, Turjman F, Mauguiere F. Diagnostic utility of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in presurgical assessment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Neurophysiol Clin. 1996;26(5):300-10. [Medline].

  8. Bodis-Wollner I, Atkin A, Raab E, Wolkstein M. Visual association cortex and vision in man: pattern-evoked occipital potentials in a blind boy. Science. Nov 11 1977;198(4317):629-31. [Medline].

  9. Brigell M, Kaufman DI, Bobak P, et al. The pattern visual evoked potential. A multicenter study using standardized techniques. Doc Ophthalmol. 1994;86(1):65-79. [Medline].

  10. Buchner H, Waberski TD, Fuchs M, et al. Origin of P16 median nerve SEP component identified by dipole source analysis--subthalamic or within the thalamo-cortical radiation?. Exp Brain Res. 1995;104(3):511-8. [Medline].

  11. Buettner UW, Petruch JF, Schlegmann K, et al. Diagnostic significance of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials following trigeminal nerve stimulation. In: Courjon J, Mauguiere F, Revol M, eds. Clinical Applications of Evoked Potentials in Neurology. New York: Raven Press;1982:339-345.

  12. Butinar D, Gostisa A. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials in prediction of posttraumatic coma in children. Pflugers Arch. 1996;431(6 Suppl 2):R289-90. [Medline].

  13. Castello PH, Place HM, Hemler DE, et al. Quantification of lumbar nerve root decompression using somatosensory-evoked potentials. J Spinal Disord. Dec 1995;8(6):444-50. [Medline].

  14. Chiappa KH. Evoked Potentials in Clinical Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press. 1990;37-171, 196-197.

  15. Chiappa KH. Pattern shift visual, brainstem auditory, and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. Jul 1980;30(7 Pt 2):110-23. [Medline].

  16. Deutsch H, Arginteanu M, Manhart K, et al. Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring in anterior thoracic vertebrectomy. J Neurosurg. Apr 2000;92(2 Suppl):155-61. [Medline].

  17. Dinner DS, Luders H, Lesser RP, et al. Intraoperative spinal somatosensory evoked potential monitoring. J Neurosurg. Dec 1986;65(6):807-14. [Medline].

  18. Drews H, Gerilovsky L, Studer LM, et al. Contribution of a Ia muscle afferent activation to the rise of H reflexes and somatosensory evoked potentials in man. Somatosens Mot Res. 1998;15(2):109-17. [Medline].

  19. Duffy CM, Manninen PH, Chan A, et al. Comparison of cerebral oximeter and evoked potential monitoring in carotid endarterectomy. Can J Anaesth. Oct 1997;44(10):1077-81. [Medline].

  20. Dumitru D, Dreyfuss P. Dermatomal/segmental somatosensory evoked potential evaluation of L5/S1 unilateral/unilevel radiculopathies. Muscle Nerve. Apr 1996;19(4):442-9. [Medline].

  21. Eisen A, Purves S, Hoirch M. Central nervous system amplification: its potential in the diagnosis of early multiple sclerosis. Neurology. Apr 1982;32(4):359-64. [Medline].

  22. Elvin A, Andersson T, Soderstrom M. Optic neuritis. Doppler ultrasonography compared with MR and correlated with visual evoked potential assessments. Acta Radiol. May 1998;39(3):243-8. [Medline].

  23. Ferrer S, Jimenez P, Mellado L, Thieck E. [Clinical correlations and evoked potentials in 29 cases of definitive multiple sclerosis]. Rev Med Chil. Oct 1993;121(10):1154-60. [Medline].

  24. Garcia-Larrea L, Artru F, Bertrand O, et al. Transient drug-induced abolition of BAEPs in coma. Neurology. Sep 1988;38(9):1487-9. [Medline].

  25. Goldie WD, Chiappa KH, Young RR, et al. Brainstem auditory and short-latency somatosensory evoked responses in brain death. Neurology. Mar 1981;31(3):248-56. [Medline].

  26. Gordon ML, Cohen NL. Efficacy of auditory brainstem response as a screening test for small acoustic neuromas. Am J Otol. Mar 1995;16(2):136-9. [Medline].

  27. Gott PS, Karnaze DS. Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in myotonic dystrophy: evidence for a conduction disturbance. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. Nov 1985;62(6):455-8. [Medline].

  28. Guerit JM, Verhelst R, Rubay J, et al. The use of somatosensory evoked potentials to determine the optimal degree of hypothermia during circulatory arrest. J Card Surg. Sep 1994;9(5):596-603. [Medline].

  29. Halatek T, Sinczuk-Walczak H, Rydzynski K. Prognostic significance of low serum levels of Clara cell phospholipid-binding protein in occupational aluminium neurotoxicity. J Inorg Biochem. Sep 2005;99(9):1904-11. [Medline].

  30. Halatek T, Sinczuk-Walczak H, Szymczak M. Neurological and respiratory symptoms in shipyard welders exposed to manganese. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2005;18(3):265-74. [Medline].

  31. Hasegawa A, Yamada T, Saito T. The interaction of somatosensory evoked potentials between mixed- sensory nerves and sensory-sensory nerves. Clin Electroencephalogr. Oct 2001;32(4):197-204. [Medline].

  32. Horn FK, Michelson G, Schnitzler E. Visual evoked potentials of the blue-sensitive pathway under cold provocation in normals and glaucomas. J Glaucoma. Feb 2006;15(1):17-22. [Medline].

  33. Hoth S, Weber FN. The latency of evoked otoacoustic emissions: its relation to hearing loss and auditory evoked potentials. Scand Audiol. 2001;30(3):173-83. [Medline].

  34. Ikeda H, Nishijo H, Miyamoto K, et al. Generators of visual evoked potentials investigated by dipole tracing in the human occipital cortex. Neuroscience. Jun 1998;84(3):723-39. [Medline].

  35. Ipata A, Girelli M, Miniussi C, et al. Interhemispheric transfer of visual information in humans: the role of different callosal channels. Arch Ital Biol. Mar 1997;135(2):169-82. [Medline].

  36. Kaplan PW, Tusa RJ, Shankroff J, et al. Visual evoked potentials in adrenoleukodystrophy: a trial with glycerol trioleate and Lorenzo oil. Ann Neurol. Aug 1993;34(2):169-74. [Medline].

  37. Kern W, Kerner W, Pietrowsky R, et al. Effects of insulin and hypoglycemia on the auditory brain stem response in humans. J Neurophysiol. Aug 1994;72(2):678-83. [Medline].

  38. Kileny P. Auditory evoked middle latency responses: current issues. Semin Hear. 1983;4:403.

  39. Kjaer M. Evoked potentials in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 1987;39:291-6. [Medline].

  40. Kjaer M. Brain stem auditory and visual evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. Jul 1980;62(1):14-9. [Medline].

  41. Kofler M, Muller J, Reggiani L. Somatosensory evoked potentials in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol Sci. Oct 1 2000;179(S 1-2):85-91. [Medline].

  42. Le Pera D, Valeriani M, Tonali P, et al. Selective abnormality of the N13 spinal SEP to dermatomal stimulation in patients with cervical monoradiculopathy. Neurophysiol Clin. Jun 1998;28(3):221-9. [Medline].

  43. Luk KD, Hu Y, Lu WW. Effect of stimulus pulse duration on intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) monitoring. J Spinal Disord. Jun 2001;14(3):247-51. [Medline].

  44. Lyczak P, Zabielski W. [Correlations between clinical course and investigation results of central conduction time of somatosensory potentials evoked from tibial nerves in patients with cervical myelopathy treated by surgery]. Pol Merkuriusz Lek. Aug 2005;19(110):162-5. [Medline].

  45. Maassen B, Pasman J, Nijland L. Clinical use of AEVP- and AERP-measures in childhood speech disorders. Clin Linguist Phon. Apr-May 2006;20(2-3):125-34. [Medline].

  46. Misra UK, Kalita J, Kumar S. A clinical, MRI and neurophysiological study of acute transverse myelitis. J Neurol Sci. Jun 1996;138(1-2):150-6. [Medline].

  47. Misra UK, Kalita J. Somatosensory and motor evoked potential changes in patients with Pott''s paraplegia. Spinal Cord. May 1996;34(5):272-6. [Medline].

  48. Nakamura A, Kakigi R, Hoshiyama M, et al. Visual evoked cortical magnetic fields to pattern reversal stimulation. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. Jul 1997;6(1):9-22. [Medline].

  49. Noguchi Y, Yamada T, Yeh M. Dissociated changes of frontal and parietal somatosensory evoked potentials in sleep. Neurology. Jan 1995;45(1):154-60. [Medline].

  50. Palma V, Serra LL, Armentano V, et al. Somatosensory evoked potentials in non-insulin-dependent diabetics with different degrees of neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Sep 1994;25(2):91-6. [Medline].

  51. Parisi V, Miglior S, Manni G. Clinical ability of pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials in detecting visual dysfunction in ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Ophthalmology. Feb 2006;113(2):216-28. [Medline].

  52. Pinto LC. Intraoperative monitoring: practical aspects. Medicina de Reabilitacao. 1996;44:11-15.

  53. Polo A, Tercedor A, Paniagua-Soto J. [Neurophysiological monitoring during scoliosis surgery using controlled hypotension]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. Oct 2000;47(8):367-70. [Medline].

  54. Puri V, Chaudhry N, Goel S. Vitamin B12 deficiency: a clinical and electrophysiological profile. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. Jul-Aug 2005;45(5):273-84. [Medline].

  55. Purves SJ, Low MD, Galloway J. A comparison of visual, brainstem auditory, and somatosensory evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci. Feb 1981;8(1):15-9. [Medline].

  56. Regli F, Despland PA. Usefulness of short-latency SEPs in 50 cases with cerebrovascular lesions. Presented at 34th Annual Meeting, American Academy of Neurology, Washington DC. April 25-May 1. 1982.

  57. Rowed DW, Houlden DA, Basavakumar DG. Somatosensory evoked potential identification of sensorimotor cortex in removal of intracranial neoplasms. Can J Neurol Sci. May 1997;24(2):116-20. [Medline].

  58. Sannita WG, Fatone M, Garbarino S, et al. Effects of physiological changes of serum glucose on the pattern-VEP of healthy volunteers. Physiol Behav. Nov 1995;58(5):1021-6. [Medline].

  59. Schwartz DM, Drummond DS, Hahn M. Prevention of positional brachial plexopathy during surgical correction of scoliosis. J Spinal Disord. Apr 2000;13(2):178-82. [Medline].

  60. Schwarz G, Litscher G, Rumpl E, et al. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in respiratory insufficiency following encephalitis. Int J Neurosci. Feb 1996;84(1-4):35-44. [Medline].

  61. Shibata K, Osawa M, Iwata M. Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in classic and common migraine. J Neurol Sci. Feb 12 1997;145(2):177-81. [Medline].

  62. Sitzoglou K, Fotiou F, Tsiptsios I, et al. Dermatomal SEPs--a complementary study in evaluating patients with lumbosacral disc prolapse. Int J Psychophysiol. Apr 1997;25(3):221-6. [Medline].

  63. Striano P, Madia F, Minetti C. Electroclinical and genetic findings in a family with cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy. Epilepsia. Dec 2005;46(12):1993-5. [Medline].

  64. Szabela DA, Loba J, Palenga-Pydyn D. [The picture of visual evoked potentials in type 2 diabetes mellitus]. Klin Oczna. 2005;107(7-9):498-501. [Medline].

  65. Takahashi K, Fujitani Y. Somatosensory and visual evoked potentials in hyperthyroidism. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. Dec 1970;29(6):551-6. [Medline].

  66. Takayasu M, Shibuya M, Suzuki Y. Trigeminal sensory evoked potentials in patients with trigeminal neurinoma: report of two cases. Neurosurgery. Mar 1987;20(3):453-6. [Medline].

  67. Taylor MJ, Boor R, Keenan NK, et al. Brainstem auditory and visual evoked potentials in infants with myelomeningocele. Brain Dev. Mar-Apr 1996;18(2):99-104. [Medline].

  68. Trauzettel-Klosinski S, Diener HC, Dietz K, et al. The effect of oral prednisolone on visual evoked potential latencies in acute optic neuritis monitored in a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Doc Ophthalmol. 1995-96;91(2):165-79. [Medline].

  69. Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, Jones SJ. Optic nerve atrophy and retinal nerve fibre layer thinning following optic neuritis: Evidence that axonal loss is a substrate of MRI-detected atrophy. Neuroimage. Jan 26 2006;[Medline].

  70. Tsonidis C, Tsitsopoulos P, Sitzoglou K, et al. Comparison of dermatomal SEPs and operative findings in lumbar disc disease. Int J Psychophysiol. Dec 1996;24(3):267-70. [Medline].

  71. Tsuda H, Katsumi Y, Nakamura M. [Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in Lafora disease]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. Feb 1995;35(2):175-9. [Medline].

  72. Tzvetanov P, Rousseff RT. Predictive value of median-SSEP in early phase of stroke: a comparison in supratentorial infarction and hemorrhage. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. Oct 2005;107(6):475-81. [Medline].

  73. Vaney N, Gupta S, Aggarwal S, et al. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials correlation with physical parameters. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. Apr 1996;40(2):175-9. [Medline].

  74. Wagner W, Perneczky A, Maurer JC. Intraoperative monitoring of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in cervical syringomyelia: analysis of 28 cases. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. Mar 1995;38(1):27-31. [Medline].

  75. Weigang E, Hartert M, Siegenthaler MP. Neurophysiological monitoring during thoracoabdominal aortic endovascular stent graft implantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. Mar 2006;29(3):392-6. [Medline].

  76. Weiss DS. Spinal cord and nerve root monitoring during surgical treatment of lumbar stenosis. Clin Orthop. Mar 2001;(384):82-100. [Medline].

  77. Yiannikas C, Shahani BT, Young RR. Short-latency somatosensory-evoked potentials from radial, median, ulnar, and peroneal nerve stimulation in the assessment of cervical spondylosis. Comparison with conventional electromyography. Arch Neurol. Dec 1986;43(12):1264-71. [Medline].

  78. Yukagawa E, Urano T, Nakahara M. Pattern-reversal Visual Evoked Potentials in Patients with Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Uveitis. Curr Eye Res. 2006;31(1):37-42. [Medline].

  79. Yuksel A, Sarslan O, Devranoglu K. Effect of valproate and carbamazepine on visual evoked potentials in epileptic children. Acta Paediatr Jpn. Jun 1995;37(3):358-61. [Medline].

  80. Zandbergen EG, Hijdra A, Koelman JH. Prediction of poor outcome within the first 3 days of postanoxic coma. Neurology. 2006;66(1):62-68. [Medline].

  81. Zaric D, Hallgren S, Leissner L, et al. Evaluation of epidural sensory block by thermal stimulation, laser stimulation, and recording of somatosensory evoked potentials. Reg Anesth. Mar-Apr 1996;21(2):124-38. [Medline].

  82. Zgorzalewicz M. [Visual evoked potentials in children and school adolescents with migraine and tension-type headache. Clinical and neurophysiological correlations]. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2005;39(4 Suppl 1):S26-35. [Medline].

  83. Zgorzalewicz M. [The study of early auditory evoked potentials in primary headaches in children and adolescents and their pathogenetic implications]. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2005;39(4 Suppl 1):S17-25. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

VEP, VER, BAER, BAEP, SEP, SLSEP, visual evoked responses, short-latency somatosensory evoked responses, short-latency brainstem auditory evoked responses

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Leslie Huszar, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Indian River Memorial Hospital
Leslie Huszar, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and American Medical Electroencephalographic Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Andrew S Blum, MD, PhD, Director, Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Rhode Island Hospital
Andrew S Blum, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Epilepsy Society, and Massachusetts Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Norberto Alvarez, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital
Norberto Alvarez, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Epilepsy Society, and Child Neurology Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Matthew J Baker, MD, Consulting Staff, Collier Neurologic Specialists, Naples Community Hospital
Matthew J Baker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Nicholas Y Lorenzo, MD, Chief Editor, eMedicine Neurology; Consulting Staff, Neurology Specialists and Consultants
Nicholas Y Lorenzo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.