Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain Workup
- Author: Stanley J Krolczyk, DO, RPh; Chief Editor: Robert A Egan, MD more...
Imaging Studies
MRI of the brain with and without gadolinium is the imaging modality of choice.
CT scanning of the brain with contrast has a lower yield than MRI because of poorer resolution of the posterior fossa and cranial nerves.
Pascual J, Colas R, Castillo J. Epidemiology of chronic daily headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. Dec 2001;5(6):529-36. [Medline].
Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia. 2004;24 Suppl 1:9-160. [Medline].
Kavuk I, Yavuz A, Cetindere U, Agelink MW, Diener HC. Epidemiology of chronic daily headache. Eur J Med Res. Jun 30 2003;8(6):236-40. [Medline].
Bordini C, Antonaci F, Stovner LJ, Schrader H, Sjaastad O. "Hemicrania continua": a clinical review. Headache. Jan 1991;31(1):20-6. [Medline].
Madland G, Feinmann C. Chronic facial pain: a multidisciplinary problem. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Dec 2001;71(6):716-9. [Medline].
Volcy M, Rapoport AM, Tepper SJ, Sheftell FD, Bigal ME. Persistent idiopathic facial pain responsive to topiramate. Cephalalgia. Apr 2006;26(4):489-91. [Medline].
Kaup AO, Mathew NT, Levyman C, Kailasam J, Meadors LA, Villarreal SS. 'Side locked' migraine and trigeminal autonomic cephalgias: evidence for clinical overlap. Cephalalgia. Feb 2003;23(1):43-9. [Medline].
Leone M, D'Amico D, Frediani F, Torri W, Sjaastad O, Bussone G. Clinical considerations on side-locked unilaterality in long-lasting primary headaches. Headache. Jul-Aug 1993;33(7):381-4. [Medline].
Turp JC, Gobetti JP. Trigeminal neuralgia versus atypical facial pain. A review of the literature and case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. Apr 1996;81(4):424-32. [Medline].
Cunningham AL, Dworkin RH. The management of post-herpetic neuralgia. BMJ. Sep 30 2000;321(7264):778-9. [Medline].
Rozen TD. Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgias. Continuum. Dec 2006;12:170-93.
Watson P, Evans R. Cluster-tic syndrome. Headache. May 1985;25(3):123-6. [Medline].
Pareja JA, Sjaastad O. SUNCT syndrome. A clinical review. Headache. Apr 1997;37(4):195-202. [Medline].
Pareja JA, Ruiz J, de Isla C, al-Sabbah H, Espejo J. Idiopathic stabbing headache (jabs and jolts syndrome). Cephalalgia. Apr 1996;16(2):93-6. [Medline].
Mokri B. Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome. Original concept and subsequent deviations. Arch Neurol. Jul 1982;39(7):395-9. [Medline].
Kuritzky A. Indomethacin-resistant hemicrania continua. Cephalalgia. Feb 1992;12(1):57-9. [Medline].
Peres MF, Silberstein SD, Nahmias S, et al. Hemicrania continua is not that rare. Neurology. Sep 25 2001;57(6):948-51. [Medline].
Ogutcen-Toller M, Uzun E, Incesu L. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of facial pain. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. May 2004;97(5):652-8. [Medline].
Rozen TD. Antiepileptic drugs in the management of cluster headache and trigeminal neuralgia. Headache. Nov-Dec 2001;41 Suppl 1:S25-32. [Medline].
Alberca R, Ochoa JJ. Cluster tic syndrome. Neurology. Jun 1994;44(6):996-9. [Medline].
Carrazana E, Mikoshiba I. Rationale and evidence for the use of oxcarbazepine in neuropathic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. May 2003;25(5 Suppl):S31-5. [Medline].
Delvaux V, Schoenen J. New generation anti-epileptics for facial pain and headache. Acta Neurol Belg. Mar 2001;101(1):42-6. [Medline].
Evans RW, Agostoni E. Persistent idiopathic facial pain. Headache. Sep 2006;46(8):1298-300. [Medline].
Jaaskelainen SK. Clinical neurophysiology and quantitative sensory testing in the investigation of orofacial pain and sensory function. J Orofac Pain. Spring 2004;18(2):85-107. [Medline].
Katusic S, Beard CM, Bergstralh E, Kurland LT. Incidence and clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia, Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-1984. Ann Neurol. Jan 1990;27(1):89-95. [Medline].
Pareja JA, Caminero AB, Sjaastad O. SUNCT Syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. CNS Drugs. 2002;16(6):373-83. [Medline].
Pettengill CA, Reisner-Keller L. The use of tricyclic antidepressants for the control of chronic orofacial pain. Cranio. Jan 1997;15(1):53-6. [Medline].
Piedimonte F, Schvarcz JR. Stereotactic trigeminal nucleotomy for dysesthetic facial pain. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1997;68(1-4 Pt 1):175-81. [Medline].
Reisner L, Pettengill CA. The use of anticonvulsants in orofacial pain. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. Jan 2001;91(1):2-7. [Medline].
Swift JQ, Roszkowski MT. The use of opioid drugs in management of chronic orofacial pain. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Sep 1998;56(9):1081-5. [Medline].
Türp JC, Kowalski CJ, Stohler CS. Pain descriptors characteristic of persistent facial pain. J Orofac Pain. Fall 1997;11(4):285-90. [Medline].
Wahlund K, List T, Dworkin SF. Temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents: reliability of a questionnaire, clinical examination, and diagnosis. J Orofac Pain. Winter 1998;12(1):42-51. [Medline].

