eMedicine Specialties > Neurology > Neurological Infections

HIV-1 Associated Myopathies: Follow-up

Author: Niranjan N Singh, MD, DNB, Fellow in Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, St Louis University School of Medicine
Coauthor(s): Florian P Thomas, MD, MA, PhD, Drmed, Director, Spinal Cord Injury Unit, St Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Director, National MS Society Multiple Sclerosis Center; Associate Program Director, Professor, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Associate Professor, Institute for Molecular Virology, and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St Louis University
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Feb 23, 2007

Follow-up

Further Outpatient Care

  • Coordinate care with the primary care physician and an infectious disease specialist.

Prognosis

  • Prognosis depends on the general condition of the patient and on the stage of HIV infection. Early diagnosis and treatment is important.
  • Improvement of AZT myopathy begins several months after dose reduction or discontinuation but may be incomplete.

Miscellaneous

Medicolegal Pitfalls

  • Failure to promptly make diagnosis and provide treatment can lead to death.
 


More on HIV-1 Associated Myopathies

Overview: HIV-1 Associated Myopathies
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: HIV-1 Associated Myopathies
Treatment & Medication: HIV-1 Associated Myopathies
Follow-up: HIV-1 Associated Myopathies
References

References

  1. Attarian S, Mallecourt C, Donnet A. Myositis in infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome: clinicopathological observations and treatment. Neuromuscul Disord. Nov 2004;14(11):740-3. [Medline].

  2. Authier FJ, Chariot P, Gherardi RK. Skeletal muscle involvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Muscle Nerve. 2005;32(3):247-60. [Medline].

  3. Behbahani R, Moshfeghi M, Baxter JD. Therapeutic approaches for AIDS-related toxoplasmosis. Ann Pharmacother. Jul-Aug 1995;29(7-8):760-8. [Medline].

  4. Chariot P, Gherardi R. Myopathy and HIV infection. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Nov 1995;7(6):497-502. [Medline].

  5. Colmegna I, Koehler JW, Garry RF, Espinoza LR. Musculoskeletal and autoimmune manifestations of HIV, syphilis and tuberculosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006;18(1):88-95. [Medline].

  6. Gendelman HE, Lipton SA, Epstein L. The Neurology of AIDS. New York: Chapman & Hall;1998.

  7. Johnson RW, Williams FM, Kazi S, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated polymyositis: a longitudinal study of outcome. Arthritis Rheum. Apr 15 2003;49(2):172-8. [Medline].

  8. Klepser ME, Klepser TB. Drug treatment of HIV-related opportunistic infections. Drugs. Jan 1997;53(1):40-73. [Medline].

  9. Moyle G. Clinical manifestations and management of antiretroviral nucleoside analog-related mitochondrial toxicity. Clin Ther. Aug 2000;22(8):911-36; discussion 898. [Medline].

  10. Simpson DM, Olney RK. Peripheral neuropathies associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurol Clin. Aug 1992;10(3):685-711. [Medline].

  11. Whitley RJ, Jacobson MA, Friedberg DN. Guidelines for the treatment of cytomegalovirus diseases in patients with AIDS in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: recommendations of an international panel. International AIDS Society-USA. Arch Intern Med. May 11 1998;158(9):957-69. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, zidovudine myopathy, AZT myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, nemaline rod myopathy, HIV wasting syndrome with type II muscle fiber atrophy, local neoplasm, local infection, myasthenic syndrome and chronic fatigue, diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, DILS

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Niranjan N Singh, MD, DNB, Fellow in Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, St Louis University School of Medicine
Niranjan N Singh, MD, DNB is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Florian P Thomas, MD, MA, PhD, Drmed, Director, Spinal Cord Injury Unit, St Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Director, National MS Society Multiple Sclerosis Center; Associate Program Director, Professor, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Associate Professor, Institute for Molecular Virology, and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St Louis University
Florian P Thomas, MD, MA, PhD, Drmed is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Paraplegia Society, and National Multiple Sclerosis Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

William J Nowack, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center
William J Nowack, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, American Medical Electroencephalographic Association, American Medical Informatics Association, and Biomedical Engineering Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Neil A Busis, MD, Chief, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center - Shadyside, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Neil A Busis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology and American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Selim R Benbadis, MD, Professor, Director of Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital
Selim R Benbadis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Nicholas Y Lorenzo, MD, Chief Editor, eMedicine Neurology; Consulting Staff, Neurology Specialists and Consultants
Nicholas Y Lorenzo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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