eMedicine Specialties > Neurology > Neurological Infections

Prion-Related Diseases: Multimedia

Author: Tarakad S Ramachandran, MBBS, FRCP(C), FACP, Professor of Neurology, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University; Chair, Department of Neurology, Crouse Irving Memorial Hospital
Coauthor(s): Arun Ramachandran, State University of New York Upstate Medical University
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Sep 21, 2009

Multimedia

Prion-related diseases. Spongiform change in prio...
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Media file 1: Prion-related diseases. Spongiform change in prion disease. This section shows mild parenchymal vacuolation and prominent reactive astrocytosis.
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Prion-related diseases. Spongiform change in prio...

Prion-related diseases. Spongiform change in prion disease. This section shows mild parenchymal vacuolation and prominent reactive astrocytosis.

Prion-related diseases. A representation of the h...
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Media file 2: Prion-related diseases. A representation of the human proteinaceous infectious particle, or PrP, gene. Mutations associated with inherited prionoses are shown above the gene, while polymorphisms are shown below the gene. A polymorphism at codon 129 (M versus V) is common in white populations, while a polymorphism at codon 219 (E versus K) is common in Japanese populations. The locations of the 4 putative helical regions, H1-H4, correspond to residues 109-122, 129-141, 178-191, and 202-218, respectively. This diagram does not illustrate all of the alpha-helical regions. A diagonal striped area represents the region of octarepeats, spanning residues 51-91. Octarepeats of 16, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, or 72 amino acids at codons 67, 75, or 83 are indicated by the rectangle above the octarepeat region. These inserts are associated with familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).
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Prion-related diseases. A representation of the h...

Prion-related diseases. A representation of the human proteinaceous infectious particle, or PrP, gene. Mutations associated with inherited prionoses are shown above the gene, while polymorphisms are shown below the gene. A polymorphism at codon 129 (M versus V) is common in white populations, while a polymorphism at codon 219 (E versus K) is common in Japanese populations. The locations of the 4 putative helical regions, H1-H4, correspond to residues 109-122, 129-141, 178-191, and 202-218, respectively. This diagram does not illustrate all of the alpha-helical regions. A diagonal striped area represents the region of octarepeats, spanning residues 51-91. Octarepeats of 16, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, or 72 amino acids at codons 67, 75, or 83 are indicated by the rectangle above the octarepeat region. These inserts are associated with familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

Shows characteristic signal changes of an MRI tak...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 3: Shows characteristic signal changes of an MRI taken from a patient with sporadic CJD, using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). An abnormal signal is shown in both the basal ganglia (red arrows) and the cortical ribbon (yellow arrow).
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Shows characteristic signal changes of an MRI tak...

Shows characteristic signal changes of an MRI taken from a patient with sporadic CJD, using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). An abnormal signal is shown in both the basal ganglia (red arrows) and the cortical ribbon (yellow arrow).

More on Prion-Related Diseases

Overview: Prion-Related Diseases
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Prion-Related Diseases
Treatment & Medication: Prion-Related Diseases
Follow-up: Prion-Related Diseases
Multimedia: Prion-Related Diseases
References
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Further Reading

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Keywords

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, TSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathies, BSE, mad cow disease, mad-cow disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, CJD, new variant CJD, nvCJD, variant CJD, vCJD, prionosis, prionoses, prion diseases, PrP diseases, chronic wasting disease, CWD, scrapie, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker, GSS, fatal familial insomnia, FFI, kuru

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Tarakad S Ramachandran, MBBS, FRCP(C), FACP, Professor of Neurology, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University; Chair, Department of Neurology, Crouse Irving Memorial Hospital
Tarakad S Ramachandran, MBBS, FRCP(C), FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Pain Medicine, American College of Forensic Examiners, American College of International Physicians, American College of Managed Care Medicine, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Stroke Association, Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Royal College of Surgeons of England, and Royal Society of Medicine
Disclosure: Abbott Labs  Honoraria Consulting; Teva Marion Honoraria Consulting; Boeringer-Ingelheim Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Coauthor(s)

Arun Ramachandran, State University of New York Upstate Medical University
Arun Ramachandran is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Roberta J Seidman, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology, Stony Brook University; Director of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center
Roberta J Seidman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuropathologists, New York Association of Neuropathologists (The Neuroplex), and Suffolk County Society of Pathologists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Florian P Thomas, MD, MA, PhD, Drmed, Director, Spinal Cord Injury Unit, St Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Director, National MS Society Multiple Sclerosis Center; Professor, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Associate Professor, Institute for Molecular Virology, and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St Louis University
Florian P Thomas, MD, MA, PhD, Drmed is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Paraplegia Society, and National Multiple Sclerosis Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Selim R Benbadis, MD, Professor, Director of Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital
Selim R Benbadis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Nicholas Y Lorenzo, MD, Chief Editor, eMedicine Neurology; Consulting Staff, Neurology Specialists and Consultants
Nicholas Y Lorenzo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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