Focal Muscular Atrophies Medication

  • Author: Sridharan Ramaratnam, MBBS, MD; Chief Editor: Helmi L Lutsep, MD   more...
 
Updated: Apr 30, 2012
 

Medication Summary

The goal of pharmacotherapy is to reduce morbidity.

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Blood products

Class Summary

These are useful in minimizing the effects of autoimmune reactions.

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Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)

 

Following features may be relevant to its efficacy: neutralization of circulating antibodies through anti-idiotypic antibodies; down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-gamma; blockade of Fc receptors on macrophages; suppression of inducer T and B cells and augmentation of suppressor T cells; blockade of complement cascade.

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Glucocorticoids

Class Summary

These agents modify the body's immune response to diverse stimuli. Likely mechanisms of action are inhibition of synthesis/secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-2, and IFN-gamma, and modulation of serum and leukocyte-bound levels of cell adhesion molecules.

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Prednisone (Sterapred)

 

Useful in treatment of inflammatory and immune reactions. By reversing increased capillary permeability and suppressing PMN activity, may decrease inflammation. Dosage and length of treatment vary depending on specific diagnosis.

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Sridharan Ramaratnam, MBBS, MD  Head, Department of Neurology, Professor of Neurology, Chennai Neurospeciality and Research Institute, India

Sridharan Ramaratnam, MBBS, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, Indian Medical Association, National Academy of Medical Sciences, India, and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Nicholas Lorenzo, MD  Consulting Staff, Neurology Specialists and Consultants

Nicholas Lorenzo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Neurology, and American College of Physician Executives

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lakshmi Narasimhan Ranganathan, MD  Tutor, Institute Of Mental Health, Chennai, India; Senior Civil Assistant Surgeon, Tamil Nadu Medical Services

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Agapito S Lorenzo, MD  Laboratory Director, Associate Professor, Departments of Neurology, Creighton University and University of Nebraska Medical Center

Agapito S Lorenzo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology and American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Helmi L Lutsep, MD  Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine; Associate Director, Oregon Stroke Center

Helmi L Lutsep, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology and American Stroke Association

Disclosure: Co-Axia Consulting fee Review panel membership; AGA Medical Consulting fee Review panel membership; Concentric Medical Consulting fee Review panel membership

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A man with neuralgic amyotrophy presenting with wasting of deltoids involving the right side more than the left.
A middle-aged man with (atypical) anterior horn cell disease presenting with wasting of the right quadriceps.
EMG at rest from the right quadriceps muscle of a patient with atypical anterior horn cell disease and isolated atrophy of the right quadriceps; EMG shows spontaneous activity.
EMG on voluntary effort from the right quadriceps muscle of a patient with atypical anterior horn disease and isolated atrophy of the right quadriceps; EMG shows motor unit potentials that exhibit prolonged duration and polyphasia.
EMG on maximal effort from the right quadriceps muscle of a patient with atypical anterior horn disease and isolated atrophy of the right quadriceps; EMG shows an impaired interference pattern.
Clinical photograph of a subject with monomelic amyotrophy showing wasting of left forearm. Note the characteristic feature of oblique atrophy, where a normal brachioradialis dominates the atrophied forearm.
 
 
 
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