Multimedia
![]() | Media file 1: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in a patient with Conn syndrome showing a left adrenal adenoma. |
More on Conn Syndrome |
| Overview: Conn Syndrome |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Conn Syndrome |
| Treatment & Medication: Conn Syndrome |
| Follow-up: Conn Syndrome |
Multimedia: Conn Syndrome |
| References |
| Further Reading |
| « Previous Page |
References
Born-Frontsberg E, Reincke M, Rump LC, et al. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities of hypokalemic and normokalemic primary aldosteronism: results of the German Conn's Registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Apr 2009;94(4):1125-30. [Medline].
Bernini G, Galetta F, Franzoni F, et al. Arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness and carotid artery fibrosis in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Hypertens. Dec 2008;26(12):2399-405. [Medline].
Bravo EL. Primary aldosteronism: new approaches to diagnosis and management. Cleve Clin J Med. Sep-Oct 1993;60(5):379-86. [Medline].
Funder JW, Carey RM, Fardella C, et al. Case detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Sep 2008;93(9):3266-81. [Medline].
Doppman JL, Gill JR Jr. Hyperaldosteronism: sampling the adrenal veins. Radiology. Feb 1996;198(2):309-12. [Medline].
Carey RM. Primary aldosteronism. Horm Res. Jan 2009;71 Suppl 1:8-12. [Medline].
Wu VC, Chang HW, Liu KL, et al. Primary aldosteronism: diagnostic accuracy of the losartan and captopril tests. Am J Hypertens. May 14 2009;[Medline].
Letavernier E, Peyrard S, Amar L, et al. Blood pressure outcome of adrenalectomy in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism with or without unilateral adenoma. J Hypertens. Sep 2008;26(9):1816-23. [Medline].
Al Fehaily M, Duh QY. Clinical manifestation of aldosteronoma. Surg Clin North Am. Jun 2004;84(3):887-905. [Medline].
Capricchione A, Winer N, Sowers JR. Adrenocortical hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. Jun 2004;6(3):224-9. [Medline].
Gill JR. Primary aldosteronism: Strategies for diagnosis and treatment. The Endocrinologist. 1991;1:365-9.
Hirohara D, Nomura K, Okamoto T, et al. Performance of the basal aldosterone to renin ratio and of the renin stimulation test by furosemide and upright posture in screening for aldosterone-producing adenoma in low renin hypertensives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Sep 2001;86(9):4292-8. [Medline].
Jabbour SA, De Papp AE. Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of primary hyperaldosteronism. The Endocrinologist. 1999;9:395-8.
Montori VM, Schwartz GL, Chapman AB, et al. Validity of the aldosterone-renin ratio used to screen for primary aldosteronism. Mayo Clin Proc. Sep 2001;76(9):877-82. [Medline].
Mulatero P, Stowasser M, Loh KC, Fardella CE, Gordon RD, Mosso L. Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, including surgically correctable forms, in centers from five continents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Mar 2004;89(3):1045-50. [Medline].
Rose BD, Kaplan NM. Approach to the patient with hypertension and hypokalemia. UpToDate [CD-ROM and online]. 1997;1-8.
Seiler L, Rump LC, Schulte-Monting J, et al. Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: value of different screening parameters and influence of antihypertensive medication. Eur J Endocrinol. Mar 2004;150(3):329-37. [Medline].
Vallotton MB. Primary aldosteronism. Endocrine Investigation. 1996;45:47-60.
Weinberger MH, Fineberg NS. The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and separation of two major subtypes. Arch Intern Med. Sep 27 1993;153(18):2125-9. [Medline].
Young WF Jr. Clinical practice. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med. Feb 8 2007;356(6):601-10.
Young WF Jr. Pheochromocytoma and primary aldosteronism: diagnostic approaches. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. Dec 1997;26(4):801-27. [Medline].
Young WF Jr, Hogan MJ, Klee GG, van Heerden JA. Primary aldosteronism: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. Jan 1990;65(1):96-110. [Medline].
Further Reading
Related eMedicine topics:
Adrenal Adenoma [Endocrinology]
Adrenal Adenoma [Radiology]
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Surgery
Hyperaldosteronism [Pediatrics: General Medicine]
Hyperaldosteronism [Radiology]
Hyperaldosteronism, Primary
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypokalemia [Emergency Medicine]
Hypokalemia [Nephrology]
Hypokalemia [Pediatrics: Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine]
Clinical guidelines:
Case detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The Endocrine Society - Disease Specific Society. 2008 Sep. 26 pages. NGC:006766
Clinical trials:
Diagnostic Properties of Aldosterone-Renin Ratio in Primary Aldosteronism Among Hypertensives.
Kallikrein-Kinin (KKS) and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in Primary Aldosteronism
Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Primary Aldosteronism
Proof-of-Concept for the Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitor LCI699 in Patients With Primary Hyperaldosteronism
The Therapeutic Effect of Bromocriptin in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Keywords
Conn syndrome, Conn's syndrome, adrenal, adrenal gland, adrenal glands, hyperaldosteronism, aldosteronism, adenoma, spironolactone, renin, primary hyperaldosteronism, adrenalectomy, hypertension, hypokalemia, adrenal hyperplasia, unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, increased aldosterone secretion, primary hypersecretion of aldosterone, secondary hypertension, renin-responsive adenoma, primary adrenal hyperplasia, glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism




Multimedia: Conn Syndrome