Inhalants: Multimedia

References

1. National Inhalant Prevention Coalition. National Inhalant Prevention Coalition Web site. [Full Text].

2. American Heart Association. Handbook of Cardiac Care for Healthcare Providers. 1996:50-51, 94-95.

3. Beauvais F, Oetting ER. Toward a clear definition of inhalant abuse. Int J Addict. Aug 1987;22(8):779-84. [Medline].

4. Bowen SE, Daniel J, Balster RL. Deaths associated with inhalant abuse in Virginia from 1987 to 1996. Drug Alcohol Depend. Feb 1 1999;53(3):239-45. [Medline].

5. Bowen SE, Hannigan JH. Developmental toxicity of prenatal exposure to toluene. AAPS J. 2006;8(2):E419-24. [Medline].

6. Chepesiuk R. Resurgence of teen inhalant use. Environ Health Perspect. Dec 2005;113(12):A808. [Medline].

7. Dinwiddie SH. Abuse of inhalants: a review. Addiction. Aug 1994;89(8):925-39. [Medline].

8. Henretig F. Inhalant abuse in children and adolescents. Pediatr Ann. Jan 1996;25(1):47-52. [Medline].

9. Jones HE, Balster RL. Inhalant abuse in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. Mar 1998;25(1):153-67. [Medline].

10. Linden CH. Volatile substances of abuse. Emerg Med Clin North Am. Aug 1990;8(3):559-78. [Medline].

11. Lowinson J, Ruiz P. Volatile substances. In: Sharp CW and Rosenberg NL, eds. Substance Abuse. 1992:303-327.

12. McGarvey EL, Clavet GJ, Mason W, Waite D. Adolescent inhalant abuse: environments of use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. Nov 1999;25(4):731-41. [Medline].

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17. Muller, AA, Muller, GF. Inhalant abuse. J Emerg Nurs. 2006;32:447-8. [Medline].

18. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Student Drug Use Attitudes and Beliefs: National Trends, 1975-1982. US Government Printing Office; 1982.

19. US Dept of Health and Human Services. 2001 Monitoring the Future Survey. HHS News; [Full Text].

20. Wu LT, Schlenger WE, Ringwalt CL. Use of nitrite inhalants ("poppers") among American youth. J Adolesc Health. Jul 2005;37(1):52-60. [Medline].

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22. Cruz SL, Orta-Salazar G, Gauthereau MY, Millan-Perez Peña L, Salinas-Stefanón EM. Inhibition of cardiac sodium currents by toluene exposure. Br J Pharmacol. Oct 2003;140(4):653-60. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

sniffing, huffing, bagging, inhaling, solvents, aerosols, adhesives, fuels, dry-cleaning agents, tape-head cleaners, correction fluid, propellants, inhalant abuse, volatile chemicals, alkyl nitrites, aromatics, benzene, methylene chloride, inhalant intoxication, inhalant agents

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Timothy Kaufman, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Covenant Hospital, Saginaw Michigan
Timothy Kaufman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Edward C Jauch, MD, Faculty, Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Team, Associate Director of Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Assistant Professor, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Edward C Jauch, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Heart Association, American Medical Association, National Stroke Association, Ohio State Medical Association, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Rhonda S Cadena, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Rhonda S Cadena, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, and Emergency Medicine Residents Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Jonathan S Rutchik, MD, MPH, Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California at San Francisco
Jonathan S Rutchik, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology and Association of American Physicians and Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Richard J Caselli, MD, Professor, Department of Neurology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN; Chair, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic of Scottsdale
Richard J Caselli, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Medical Association, American Neurological Association, and Sigma Xi
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Selim R Benbadis, MD, Professor of Neurology, Director of Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital
Selim R Benbadis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Nicholas Lorenzo, MD, Chief Editor, eMedicine Neurology; Consulting Staff, Neurology Specialists and Consultants
Nicholas Lorenzo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.