Neural Tube Defects: Differential Diagnoses & Workup

References

1. Barber RC, Lammer EJ, Shaw GM, et al. The role of folate transport and metabolism in neural tube defect risk. Mol Genet Metab. Jan 1999;66(1):1-9. [Medline].

2. Copp AJ. Prevention of neural tube defects: vitamins, enzymes and genes. Curr Opin Neurol. Apr 1998;11(2):97-102. [Medline].

3. Czeizel AE, Dudas I. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. N Engl J Med. Dec 24 1992;327(26):1832-5. [Medline].

4. Deacon S. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts in infants. Evid Based Dent. 2005;6(2):43-4. [Medline].

5. Dias MS, Li V. Pediatric neurosurgical disease. Pediatr Clin North Am. Dec 1998;45(6):1539-78, x. [Medline].

6. Dirks PB, Rutka JT. The neurogenetic basis of pediatric neurosurgical conditions. In: Albright L, Pollack I, Adelson D, eds. Principles and Practice of Neurosurgery. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers; 1999:. 23-4.

7. Drolet B. Birthmarks to worry about. Cutaneous markers of dysraphism. Dermatol Clin. Jul 1998;16(3):447-53. [Medline].

8. George TM, Fagan LH. Adult tethered cord syndrome in patients with postrepair myelomeningocele: an evidence-based outcome study. J Neurosurg. Mar 2005;102(2 Suppl):150-6. [Medline].

9. Harris LW, Oakes WJ. Open neural tube defects. In: Tindall GT,Cooper PR, Barrow DL, eds. The Practice of Neurosurgery. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1996:. 2779-89.

10. MMWR. Use of dietary supplements containing folic acid among women of childbearing age--United States, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Sep 30 2005;54(38):955-8. [Medline].

11. Marks JD, Khoshnood B. Epidemiology of common neurosurgical diseases in the neonate. Neurosurg Clin N Am. Jan 1998;9(1):63-72. [Medline].

12. Mattsson S, Gladh G. [Children with meningomyelocele become adults!]. Lakartidningen. Sep 12-18 2005;102(37):2566-70. [Medline].

13. McComb JG. Spinal and cranial neural tube defects. Semin Pediatr Neurol. Sep 1997;4(3):156-66. [Medline].

14. McComb JG, Chen TC. Closed spinal neural tube defects. In: Tindall GT,Cooper PR, Barrow DL, eds. The Practice of Neurosurgery. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1996:. 2754-77.

15. McLone DG. Care of the neonate with a myelomeningocele. Neurosurg Clin N Am. Jan 1998;9(1):111-20. [Medline].

16. Mills JL, Scott JM, Kirke PN, et al. Homocysteine and neural tube defects. J Nutr. Mar 1996;126(3):756S-760S. [Medline].

17. O'Rahilly R, Muller F. Neurulation in the normal human embryo. Ciba Found Symp. 1994;181:70-82; discussion 82-9. [Medline].

18. Tubbs RS, Wellons JC, Blount JP, et al. Transient ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction in children with myelodysplasia and urinary bladder infection. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg. Mar 2005;102(2 Suppl):221-3. [Medline].

19. Walters J, Ashwal S, Masek T. Anencephaly: where do we now stand?. Semin Neurol. 1997;17(3):249-55. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

neural tube defect, NTD, anencephaly, encephalocele, meningocele, meningomyelocele, craniorachischisis totalis, congenital dermal sinus, spina bifida aperta, cystica, myelomeningocele, meningocele, myeloschisis, congenital dermal sinus, lipomatous malformations, lipomyelomeningoceles, split-cord malformations, diastematomyelia, diplomyelia, caudal agenesis, associated hydrocephalus, Chiari II malformation, neurulation

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

George I Jallo, MD, Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Oncology, Director, Clinical Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
George I Jallo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, and American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Tibor Becske, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, New York University Medical Center
Tibor Becske, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Neurological Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Robert Stanley Rust Jr, MD, MA, Thomas E Worrell Jr Professor of Epileptology and Neurology, Co-Director of FE Dreifuss Child Neurology and Epilepsy Clinics, Director, Child Neurology, University of Virginia; Chair-Elect, Child Neurology Section, American Academy of Neurology
Robert Stanley Rust Jr, MD, MA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Epilepsy Society, American Headache Society, American Neurological Association, Child Neurology Society, International Child Neurology Association, and Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Kenneth J Mack, MD, PhD, Senior Associate Consultant, Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Mayo Clinic
Kenneth J Mack, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, Child Neurology Society, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Neuroscience
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Matthew J Baker, MD, Consulting Staff, Collier Neurologic Specialists, Naples Community Hospital
Matthew J Baker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Amy Kao, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University; Consulting Staff, Shriners Hospital for Children
Amy Kao, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Epilepsy Society, and Child Neurology Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.