eMedicine Specialties > Neurology > Pediatric Neurology
Vein of Galen Malformation: Differential Diagnoses & Workup
Updated: Aug 20, 2008
- Overview
- Differential Diagnoses & Workup
- Treatment & Medication
- Follow-up
- Multimedia
Differential Diagnoses
Other Problems to Be Considered
Autism/pervasive development disorder
Workup
Imaging Studies
- Cranial ultrasound
- This will help to localize or identify the lesion.
- Doppler studies can help further to understand the hemodynamics of the lesion.
- Cranial MRI and/or CT scan with and without contrast administration
- These studies will help confirm the diagnosis and define the degree of involvement. Imaging studies in infants will also help determine whether the patient has accompanying hydrocephalus (see Media files 1-4).
- MR angiography can help to delineate the vascular supply (see Media file 5).
- Cranial angiography: In patients being considered for surgery or for occlusive therapy, cranial angiography is required to define the extent of aneurysmal dilatation and details for arterial feeders (see Media file 6).
- Cardiac ultrasound: This study may be indicated to assess left ventricular function.
Other Tests
- ECG to look for evidence of congestive heart failure
Histologic Findings
Lesion shows thin capillaries or veins connecting directly to the arteries.
More on Vein of Galen Malformation |
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Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Vein of Galen Malformation |
| Treatment & Medication: Vein of Galen Malformation |
| Follow-up: Vein of Galen Malformation |
| Multimedia: Vein of Galen Malformation |
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References
Golombek SG, Ally S, Woolf PK. A newborn with cardiac failure secondary to a large vein of Galen malformation. South Med J. May 2004;97(5):516-8. [Medline].
Incorpora G, Pavone P, Platania N, et al. Vein of Galen malformation and infantile spasms. J Child Neurol. Mar 1999;14(3):196-8. [Medline].
Lasjaunias PL, Chng SM, Sachet M, Alvarez H, Rodesch G, Garcia-Monaco R. The management of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations. Neurosurgery. Nov 2006;59(5 Suppl 3):S184-94; discussion S3-13. [Medline].
Lylyk P, Vinuela F, Dion JE, et al. Therapeutic alternatives for vein of Galen vascular malformations. J Neurosurg. Mar 1993;78(3):438-45. [Medline].
Moriarity JL, Steinberg GK. Surgical obliteration for vein of Galen malformation: a case report. Surg Neurol. Oct 1995;44(4):365-9; discussion 369-70. [Medline].
Iizuka Y, Kakihara T, Suzuki M, Komura S, Azusawa H. Endovascular remodeling technique for vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations--angiographic confirmation of a connection between the median prosencephalic vein and the deep venous system. J Neurosurg Pediatrics. Jan 2008;1(1):75-8. [Medline].
Feletti A, Denaro L, Marton E, d'Avella D, Longatti P. Endoscopic treatment of hydrocephalus due to aneurysm of the vein of Galen: case report and literature review. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. Oct 2007;50(5):285-91. [Medline].
De Koning TJ, Gooskens R, Veenhoven R, et al. Arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen in three neonates: emphasis on associated early ischaemic brain damage. Eur J Pediatr. 156(3):228-9. [Medline].
Porzionato A, Macchi V, Parenti A, De Caro R. Vein of Galen aneurysm: anatomical study of an adult autopsy case. Clin Anat. Sep 2004;17(6):458-62. [Medline].
Squires LA, Thomas S, Betz BW, Cottingham S. Vein of Galen malformation with diencephalic syndrome: a clinical pathologic report. J Child Neurol. Nov 1998;13(11):575-7. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
vein of Galen, vein of Galen malformation, VGAM, aneurysmal malformations, vein of Markowski, high-output heart failure, high-output congestive heart failure, cerebral ischemic changes, strokes, steal phenomena, progressive hemiparesis, obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid, hydrocephalus, congenital malformation, seizures, developmental delay
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Vein of Galen Malformation