eMedicine Specialties > Neurology > Pediatric Neurology

Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders: Multimedia

Author: Kevin J Black, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine; Attending Psychiatrist, Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Sep 2, 2009

Multimedia

Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Schema...
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Media file 1: Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Schematic of the hypothetical reorganization of the basal ganglia output in tic disorders, with excitatory projections (open arrows) and inhibitory projections (solid arrows). Line thickness represents the relative magnitude of activity. When a discrete set of striatal neurons becomes active inappropriately (right), aberrant inhibition of a discrete set of internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) neurons occurs. The abnormally inhibited GPi neurons disinhibit thalamocortical mechanisms involved in a specific unwanted competing motor pattern, resulting in a stereotyped involuntary movement.
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Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Schema...

Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Schematic of the hypothetical reorganization of the basal ganglia output in tic disorders, with excitatory projections (open arrows) and inhibitory projections (solid arrows). Line thickness represents the relative magnitude of activity. When a discrete set of striatal neurons becomes active inappropriately (right), aberrant inhibition of a discrete set of internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) neurons occurs. The abnormally inhibited GPi neurons disinhibit thalamocortical mechanisms involved in a specific unwanted competing motor pattern, resulting in a stereotyped involuntary movement.

Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Segreg...
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Media file 2: Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Segregated anatomy of the frontal-subcortical circuits: dorsolateral (blue), lateral orbitofrontal (green), and anterior cingulate (red) circuits in the striatum (top), pallidum (center), and mediodorsal thalamus (bottom).
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Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Segreg...

Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Segregated anatomy of the frontal-subcortical circuits: dorsolateral (blue), lateral orbitofrontal (green), and anterior cingulate (red) circuits in the striatum (top), pallidum (center), and mediodorsal thalamus (bottom).

Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Graphi...
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Media file 3: Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Graphic shows the relative likelihood of lifetime sensory tics in a given region, as based on self-report of patients with Tourette syndrome. Overt tics are distributed similarly.
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Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Graphi...

Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Graphic shows the relative likelihood of lifetime sensory tics in a given region, as based on self-report of patients with Tourette syndrome. Overt tics are distributed similarly.

Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Immuno...
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Media file 4: Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Immunologic response found in patients with Sydenham chorea is also found in patients with Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Points on the graph represent percent expression of D8/17 antigen on circulating B lymphocytes.
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Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Immuno...

Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Immunologic response found in patients with Sydenham chorea is also found in patients with Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Points on the graph represent percent expression of D8/17 antigen on circulating B lymphocytes.

<a name="target5"> </a>Tourette syndrome and...
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Media file 5:  Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. In a randomized controlled trial of habit reversal therapy (HRT), results differed significantly from those of a control therapy (massed practice; P<.001, analysis of variance). The HRT group had a 97% reduction in tics at 18-month follow-up, with 80% of patients tic-free.
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<a name="target5"> </a>Tourette syndrome and...

 Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. In a randomized controlled trial of habit reversal therapy (HRT), results differed significantly from those of a control therapy (massed practice; P<.001, analysis of variance). The HRT group had a 97% reduction in tics at 18-month follow-up, with 80% of patients tic-free.

More on Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders

Overview: Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders
Treatment & Medication: Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders
Follow-up: Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders
Multimedia: Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders
References
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Further Reading

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Keywords

Tourette's syndrome, TS, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, GTS, Tourette's disorder, DSM-IV-TR 307.23, Tourette disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, motor tics (simple and complex), vocal tics (simple and complex), echolalia, palilalia, coprolalia, coprophrasia, copropraxia, echopraxia, stereotypic movement disorder, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, DSM-IV-TR 307.22, stereotyped motor movement, stereotyped vocalization, transient tic disorder, DSM-IV-TR 307.21, tic disorder not otherwise specified, DSM-IV-TR 307.20, Tourette Syndrome Study Group criteria, TSSG criteria, phonic tic disorder

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Kevin J Black, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine; Attending Psychiatrist, Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Raj D Sheth, MD, Professor of Neurology, Mayo College of Medicine; Chief, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nemours Children's Clinic
Raj D Sheth, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Epilepsy Society, American Neurological Association, and Child Neurology Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Kenneth J Mack, MD, PhD, Senior Associate Consultant, Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Mayo Clinic
Kenneth J Mack, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, Child Neurology Society, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society for Neuroscience
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Matthew J Baker, MD, Consulting Staff, Collier Neurologic Specialists, Naples Community Hospital
Matthew J Baker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Amy Kao, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University; Consulting Staff, Shriners Hospital for Children
Amy Kao, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Epilepsy Society, and Child Neurology Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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