eMedicine Specialties > Neurology > Seizures and Epilepsy

Antiepileptic Drugs: Multimedia

Author: Juan G Ochoa, MD, Associate Professor of Neurology, Director, EEG Lab/Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Florida at Jacksonville
Coauthor(s): Willise Riche, MD, Epilepsy Program Coordinator, Department of Neurology, Shands Hospital; Educator, Department of Neurology, University of Phoenix at Jacksonville
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Apr 17, 2009

Multimedia

Pearls of antiepileptic drug use and management.
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Media file 1: Pearls of antiepileptic drug use and management.
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Pearls of antiepileptic drug use and management.

Pearls of antiepileptic drug use and management.

The dynamic target of seizure control in the mana...
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Media file 2: The dynamic target of seizure control in the management of epilepsy is achieving balance between the factors that influence the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and those that influence inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP).
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The dynamic target of seizure control in the mana...

The dynamic target of seizure control in the management of epilepsy is achieving balance between the factors that influence the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and those that influence inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP).

Antiepileptic drugs can be grouped according to t...
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Media file 3: Antiepileptic drugs can be grouped according to their major mechanism of action. Some antiepileptic drugs work by acting on a combination of channels and/or some unknown mechanism of action.
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Antiepileptic drugs can be grouped according to t...

Antiepileptic drugs can be grouped according to their major mechanism of action. Some antiepileptic drugs work by acting on a combination of channels and/or some unknown mechanism of action.

Some antiepileptic drugs stabilize the inactive c...
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Media file 4: Some antiepileptic drugs stabilize the inactive configuration of the sodium (Na+) channel, preventing high-frequency neuronal firing.
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Some antiepileptic drugs stabilize the inactive c...

Some antiepileptic drugs stabilize the inactive configuration of the sodium (Na+) channel, preventing high-frequency neuronal firing.

Low-voltage calcium (Ca2+) currents (T-type) are ...
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Media file 5: Low-voltage calcium (Ca2+) currents (T-type) are responsible for the rhythmic thalamocortical spike and wave patterns of generalized absence seizures. Some antiepileptic drugs lock these channels, inhibiting the underlying slow depolarizations necessary to generate spike-wave bursts.
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Low-voltage calcium (Ca2+) currents (T-type) are ...

Low-voltage calcium (Ca2+) currents (T-type) are responsible for the rhythmic thalamocortical spike and wave patterns of generalized absence seizures. Some antiepileptic drugs lock these channels, inhibiting the underlying slow depolarizations necessary to generate spike-wave bursts.

The GABA-A receptor mediates chloride (Cl-) influ...
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Media file 6: The GABA-A receptor mediates chloride (Cl-) influx, leading to hyperpolarization of the cell and inhibition. Antiepileptic drugs may act to enhance Cl- influx or decrease GABA metabolism.
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The GABA-A receptor mediates chloride (Cl-) influ...

The GABA-A receptor mediates chloride (Cl-) influx, leading to hyperpolarization of the cell and inhibition. Antiepileptic drugs may act to enhance Cl- influx or decrease GABA metabolism.

Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter i...
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Media file 7: Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, binds to multiple receptor sites that differ in activation and inactivation time courses, desensitization kinetics, conductance, and ion permeability. The 3 main glutamate receptor subtypes are N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), metabotropic, and non-NMDA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid [AMPA] and kainate receptors). Antiepileptic drugs known to possess this mechanism of action are listed.
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Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter i...

Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, binds to multiple receptor sites that differ in activation and inactivation time courses, desensitization kinetics, conductance, and ion permeability. The 3 main glutamate receptor subtypes are N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), metabotropic, and non-NMDA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid [AMPA] and kainate receptors). Antiepileptic drugs known to possess this mechanism of action are listed.

Schematic representation of the <EM>N</EM>-methyl...
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Media file 8: Schematic representation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.
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Schematic representation of the <EM>N</EM>-methyl...

Schematic representation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.

GABA drugs and their known sites of action.
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Media file 9: GABA drugs and their known sites of action.
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GABA drugs and their known sites of action.

GABA drugs and their known sites of action.

More on Antiepileptic Drugs

References
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References

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Further Reading

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Keywords

antiepileptic drug, AED, seizures, epilepsy, seizure treatment, epilepsy treatment, anticonvulsants, antiseizure drugs, epilepsy drugs, seizure, carbamazepine, CBZ, phenytoin, PHT, fosphenytoin, oxcarbazepine, OXC, lamotrigine, LTG, zonisamide, ZNS, clobazam, clonazepam, phenobarbital, PHB, primidone, tiagabine, TGB, vigabatrin, VGB, gabapentin, GBP, valproate, VPA, felbamate, topiramate, levetiracetam, LEV, pregabalin, antiepileptic drugs, antiepileptic medications

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Juan G Ochoa, MD, Associate Professor of Neurology, Director, EEG Lab/Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Florida at Jacksonville
Juan G Ochoa, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, and American Epilepsy Society
Disclosure: Pfizer None Speaking and teaching; Glaxo Honoraria Speaking and teaching; UCB Pharma Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Coauthor(s)

Willise Riche, MD, Epilepsy Program Coordinator, Department of Neurology, Shands Hospital; Educator, Department of Neurology, University of Phoenix at Jacksonville
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Erasmo A Passaro, MD, Director, Comprehensive Epilepsy Program/Clinical Neurophysiology Lab, Bayfront Medical Center Florida Center for Neurology
Erasmo A Passaro, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, American Medical Association, and American Society of Neuroimaging
Disclosure: Glaxo Smith Kline Honoraria Speaking and teaching; UCB Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Takeda Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Jose E Cavazos, MD, PhD, FAAN, Associate Professor with Tenure, Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Co-Director, South Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Center; Director of the Epilepsy Center, Audie L Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Jose E Cavazos, MD, PhD, FAAN is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, and Society for Neuroscience
Disclosure: Glaxo-SmithKline Honoraria Consulting; Ortho-McNeil Neurologics Honoraria Consulting; UCB Pharma Honoraria Consulting

CME Editor

Selim R Benbadis, MD, Professor, Director of Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital
Selim R Benbadis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Selim R Benbadis, MD, Professor, Director of Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital
Selim R Benbadis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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