Lattice Dystrophy Clinical Presentation

  • Author: Natalie Afshari, MD, MA, FACS; Chief Editor: Hampton Roy Sr, MD   more...
 
Updated: Jan 26, 2010
 

History

Patients with lattice corneal dystrophy may have decreased vision, photosensitivity, and/or eye pain (from recurrent corneal erosions). This dystrophy is usually autosomal dominant, so one of the parents likely has lattice corneal dystrophy as well.

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Physical

Lattice corneal dystrophy is characterized by branching, refractile lattice lines, which are observed best in retroillumination. In the most common form, type 1 lattice dystrophy, the refractile lines are more prominent centrally than peripherally. Later in life, stromal haze can develop. Eventually, significant stromal scarring and subepithelial fibrosis may occur.

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Causes

The genetic defect of lattice dystrophy has been mapped to the BIGH3 gene of chromosome 5q. Other corneal dystrophies also have genetic defects of the BIGH3 gene, including granular dystrophy, Avellino dystrophy, and Reis-Bückler dystrophy.

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Natalie Afshari, MD, MA, FACS  Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Duke University Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center

Natalie Afshari, MD, MA, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

William B Trattler, MD  Ophthalmologist, The Center for Excellence in Eye Care; Volunteer Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute

William B Trattler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology and American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

Disclosure: Allergan Consulting fee Consulting; Alcon Consulting fee Consulting; Inspire Consulting fee Consulting; Abbott Medical Optics Consulting fee Consulting

William Lloyd Clark, MD  Consulting Staff, Palmetto Retina

William Lloyd Clark, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Ophthalmology, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Fernando H Murillo-Lopez, MD  Senior Surgeon, Unidad Privada de Oftalmologia CEMES

Fernando H Murillo-Lopez, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Christopher J Rapuano, MD  Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Director of the Cornea Service, Co-Director of Refractive Surgery Department, Wills Eye Institute

Christopher J Rapuano, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Cornea Society, Eye Bank Association of America, International Society of Refractive Surgery, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Allergan Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Allergan Consulting fee Consulting; Alcon Honoraria Speaking and teaching; RPS Ownership interest Other; EyeGate Pharma Consulting fee Consulting; Bausch & Lomb Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Bausch & Lomb Consulting; Merck Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Lance L Brown, OD, MD  Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD  Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

  1. Stone EM, Mathers WD, Rosenwasser GO, et al. Three autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies map to chromosome 5q. Nat Genet. 1994;6(1):47-51. [Medline].

  2. Das S, Langenbucher A, Seitz B. Excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy for granular and lattice corneal dystrophy: a comparative study. J Refract Surg. Nov-Dec 2005;21(6):727-31. [Medline].

  3. Resch MD, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Hofmann-Rummelt C, Kruse FE, Seitz B. Alterations of epithelial adhesion molecules and basement membrane components in lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. Aug 2009;247(8):1081-8. [Medline].

  4. Albert D, Jakobiec F. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Vol 1. 1994:26-49.

  5. Das S, Langenbucher A, Seitz B. Delayed healing of corneal epithelium after phototherapeutic keratectomy for lattice dystrophy. Cornea. Apr 2005;24(3):283-7. [Medline].

  6. Kawashima M, Yamada M, Funayama T, et al. Six cases of late-onset lattice corneal dystrophy associated with gene mutations induced by the transforming growth factor-beta. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. Feb 2005;109(2):93-100. [Medline].

  7. Krachmer J. Cornea (3 volume set). Vol 2. 1996.

  8. Mashima Y, Yamamoto S, Inoue Y, et al. Association of autosomal dominantly inherited corneal dystrophies with BIGH3 gene mutations in Japan. Am J Ophthalmol. Oct 2000;130(4):516-7. [Medline].

 
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Lattice corneal dystrophy. Image courtesy of James J. Reidy, MD, FACS, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York.
Slit lamp image of lattice corneal dystrophy. Image courtesy of James J. Reidy, MD, FACS, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York.
 
 
 
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