eMedicine Specialties > Ophthalmology > Cornea
Dystrophy, Lattice: Differential Diagnoses & Workup
Updated: Jan 26, 2010
- Overview
- Differential Diagnoses & Workup
- Treatment & Medication
- Follow-up
- Multimedia
Differential Diagnoses
Corneal Erosion, Recurrent
Dystrophy, Granular
Dystrophy, Macular
Workup
Laboratory Studies
- Genetic analysis performed in research laboratories can reveal the genetic mutation of lattice corneal dystrophy. This is not a routine study at this time.
- A genetic analysis can determine the specific mutation on the BIGH3 gene of chromosome 5, which can allow for the precise diagnosis of the subtype of lattice dystrophy and can be useful for differentiating lattice dystrophy from Avellino dystrophy, granular dystrophy, and Reis-Bückler dystrophy (all which have mutations of the BIGH3 gene).
Procedures
- Corneal biopsy, which is not clinically indicated, reveals amyloid in the corneal stroma.
Histologic Findings
- The deposits are amyloid, which stain orange-red with Congo red.
- They also stain with periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson trichrome.
- Under polarized light, the deposits exhibit birefringence and red-green dichroism.
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Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Dystrophy, Lattice |
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References
Stone EM, Mathers WD, Rosenwasser GO, et al. Three autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies map to chromosome 5q. Nat Genet. 1994;6(1):47-51. [Medline].
Das S, Langenbucher A, Seitz B. Excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy for granular and lattice corneal dystrophy: a comparative study. J Refract Surg. Nov-Dec 2005;21(6):727-31. [Medline].
Resch MD, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Hofmann-Rummelt C, Kruse FE, Seitz B. Alterations of epithelial adhesion molecules and basement membrane components in lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. Aug 2009;247(8):1081-8. [Medline].
Albert D, Jakobiec F. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Vol 1. 1994:26-49.
Das S, Langenbucher A, Seitz B. Delayed healing of corneal epithelium after phototherapeutic keratectomy for lattice dystrophy. Cornea. Apr 2005;24(3):283-7. [Medline].
Kawashima M, Yamada M, Funayama T, et al. Six cases of late-onset lattice corneal dystrophy associated with gene mutations induced by the transforming growth factor-beta. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. Feb 2005;109(2):93-100. [Medline].
Krachmer J. Cornea (3 volume set). Vol 2. 1996.
Mashima Y, Yamamoto S, Inoue Y, et al. Association of autosomal dominantly inherited corneal dystrophies with BIGH3 gene mutations in Japan. Am J Ophthalmol. Oct 2000;130(4):516-7. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
lattice dystrophy, corneal dystrophy, stromal dystrophy, stromal dystrophies, corneal erosion, corneal transplant, phototherapeutic keratectomy, PTK, treatment, diagnosis, symptoms
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Dystrophy, Lattice