Thygeson Superficial Punctate Keratitis Medication

  • Author: Robert S Duszak, OD, FAAO; Chief Editor: Hampton Roy Sr, MD   more...
 
Updated: Apr 14, 2010
 

Anti-inflammatory agents

Class Summary

These agents decrease inflammation.

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Fluorometholone (FML)

 

Inhibits edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation and phagocytic migration of acute inflammatory response and capillary proliferation, collagen deposition, and scar formation. Decreases inflammation and corneal neovascularization. Suppresses migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reverses capillary permeability. Believed to act by the induction of phospholipase A-2 inhibitory proteins.

Used topically, it can elevate IOP and cause steroid-response glaucoma. In clinical studies of documented steroid responders, fluorometholone demonstrated a significantly longer average time to produce a rise in IOP than dexamethasone phosphate. In a small percentage of individuals, a significant rise in IOP occurred within 1 wk. The ultimate magnitude of the rise was equivalent.

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Lubricants, ocular

Class Summary

These agents increase lubrication of the eye.

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Artificial tears (Refresh Tears, Optive, Systane, Celluvisc, Murine, Refresh, Tears Naturale, GenTeal, TheraTears)

 

Used to increase lubrication of the eye. Contains equivalent of 0.9% NaCl and maintains ocular tonicity. Acts to stabilize and thicken precorneal tear film and prolong tear film breakup time, which occurs with dry eye states. Preparations that have hydroxymethylcellulose or dextran are more viscous and, therefore, can last longer before needing to be reapplied. Preservative-free artificial tears are preferred to avoid preservative-associated ocular reactions.

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Immunomodulators

Class Summary

Cyclosporine ophthalmic drops are thought to act as a partial immunomodulator. The exact mechanism of action is not known.

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Cyclosporine 0.05% (Restasis)

 

Used to relieve dry eyes caused by suppressed tear production secondary to ocular inflammation. Thought to act as partial immunomodulator. Exact mechanism of action is not known.

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Robert S Duszak, OD, FAAO  Attending, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Consulting Staff, Nemours Health Clinic, Mayfair Eye Associates; Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Eye Institute of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry

Robert S Duszak, OD, FAAO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Optometry, American Geriatrics Society, and American Optometric Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Richard W Allinson, MD  Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center; Senior Staff Ophthalmologist, Scott and White Clinic

Richard W Allinson, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, and Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD  Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute; Chief of Section of Ophthalmology Surgical Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, West Los Angeles

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Christopher J Rapuano, MD  Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Co-Chairman of the Cornea Service, Co-Chairman of Refractive Surgery Department, Wills Eye Institute

Christopher J Rapuano, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Cornea Society, Eye Bank Association of America, International Society of Refractive Surgery, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Allergan Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Allergan Consulting fee Consulting; Alcon Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Inspire Honoraria Speaking and teaching; RPS Ownership interest Other; Vistakon Honoraria Speaking and teaching; EyeGate Pharma Consulting; Inspire Consulting fee Consulting; Bausch & Lomb Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Lance L Brown, OD, MD  Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD  Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

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  2. Tabbara KF, Ostler HB, Dawson C, Oh J. Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Ophthalmology. Jan 1981;88(1):75-7. [Medline].

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  11. Reinhard T, Roggendorf M, Fengler I, Sundmacher R. PCR for varicella zoster virus genome negative in corneal epithelial cells of patients with Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Eye. Mar 2004;18(3):304-5. [Medline].

  12. Reinhard T, Sundmacher R. Topical cyclosporin A in Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. Feb 1999;237(2):109-12. [Medline].

  13. Connell PP, O'Reilly J, Coughlan S, Collum LM, Power WJ. The role of common viral ocular pathogens in Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol. Aug 2007;91(8):1038-41. [Medline].

  14. Cheng LL, Young AL, Wong AK, Law RW, Lam DS. In vivo confocal microscopy of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. Jun 2004;32(3):325-7. [Medline].

  15. Watson SL, Hollingsworth J, Tullo AB. Confocal microscopy of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy. Cornea. May 2003;22(4):294-9. [Medline].

  16. Tanzer DJ, Smith RE. Superficial punctate keratitis of thygeson: the longest course on record?. Cornea. Nov 1999;18(6):729-30. [Medline].

  17. Nesburn AB, Lowe GH 3rd, Lepoff NJ, Maguen E. Effect of topical trifluridine on Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Ophthalmology. Oct 1984;91(10):1188-92. [Medline].

  18. Gock G, Ong K, McClellan K. A classical case of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. Feb 1995;23(1):76-7. [Medline].

  19. Del Castillo JM, Del Castillo JB, Garcia-Sanchez J. Effect of topical cyclosporin A on Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Doc Ophthalmol. 1996-1997;93(3):193-8. [Medline].

  20. Hasanreisoglu M, Avisar R. Long-term topical cyclosporin A therapy in Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis: a case report. Cases J. Dec 23 2008;1(1):415. [Medline].

  21. Forstot SL, Binder PS. Treatment of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy with soft contact lenses. Am J Ophthalmol. Aug 1979;88(2):186-9. [Medline].

  22. Goldberg DB, Schanzlin DJ, Brown SI. Management of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol. Jan 1980;89(1):22-4. [Medline].

  23. Jabbur NS, O'Brien TP. Recurrence of keratitis after excimer laser keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. Jan 2003;29(1):198-201. [Medline].

  24. Seo KY, Lee JB, Jun RM, Kim EK. Recurrence of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis after photorefractive keratectomy. Cornea. Oct 2002;21(7):736-7; author reply 737. [Medline].

  25. Netto MV, Chalita MR, Krueger RR. Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis recurrence after laser in situ keratomileusis. Am J Ophthalmol. Sep 2004;138(3):507-8. [Medline].

  26. Fite SW, Chodosh J. Photorefractive keratectomy for myopia in the setting of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. Cornea. May 2001;20(4):425-6. [Medline].

 
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The cornea of a 33-year-old African American man with active Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK).
 
 
 
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