Acquired Esotropia Follow-up

  • Author: Antonio Pascotto, MD; Chief Editor: Hampton Roy Sr, MD   more...
 
Updated: Jan 26, 2010
 

Further Outpatient Care

  • Regular follow-up care is indicated to monitor the patient's eye alignment.
  • Relief from the eventual diplopia may be achieved through prismatic correction, and the deviation may then resolve spontaneously. Botulinum toxin or surgical intervention may be necessary in cases that do not resolve.
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Complications

  • The most common complication associated with surgery for acquired esotropia is unsatisfactory alignment. Surgery usually is performed on the unoperated horizontal muscles in an effort to reestablish binocular function.
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Prognosis

  • Binocular sensory function is usually severely compromised by even brief periods of abnormal binocular experience during the first year of life.
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Patient Education

  • The prognosis, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the various modes of treatment, should be discussed with the patient's parents and/or the patient, and a plan should be developed based on this dialogue.
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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Antonio Pascotto, MD  Consulting Ophthalmologist, Pascotto, Istituto per la Salute degli Occhi, Clinica Mediterranea, Italy

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Mauro Fioretto, MD  Professor of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic of Genova; Head of Ophthalmology Department, Hospital of Casale Monferrato, Italy

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Sergio Claudio Saccà, PhD  Professor of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences, Ospedale San Martino, Italy

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Vincenzo Orfeo, MD  Head, Operating Unit, Clinica Mediterranea, Naples, Italy

Vincenzo Orfeo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Michael J Bartiss, OD, MD  Medical Director, Ophthalmology, Family Eye Care of the Carolinas

Michael J Bartiss, OD, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and North Carolina Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

J James Rowsey, MD  Former Director of Corneal Services, St Luke's Cataract and Laser Institute

J James Rowsey, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Medical Association, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Florida Medical Association, Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology, Sigma Xi, and Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Ralph Garzia, OD  Assistant Dean for Clinical and Academic Programs, Associate Professor, College of Optometry, University of Missouri at St Louis

Ralph Garzia, OD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Optometry and American Optometric Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD  Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

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  3. [Guideline] American Academy of Ophthalmology Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Panel. Esotropia and exotropia. San Francisco (CA): American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2007. [Full Text].

  4. Repka MX, Wentworth D. Predictors of prism response during prism adaptation. Prism Adaptation Study Research Group. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. Jul-Aug 1991;28(4):202-5. [Medline].

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  10. Costello PA, Simon JW, Jia Y, Lininger LL. Acquired esotropia: subjective and objective outcomes. J AAPOS. Jun 2001;5(3):193-7. [Medline].

  11. Fukai S, Arai N, Hayakawa T, Kimura H. Studies on the botulinum therapy for esotropia improvement of retinal correspondence. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. Jun 1993;97(6):757-62. [Medline].

  12. Goldman HD, Nelson LB. Acute acquired comitant esotropia. Ann Ophthalmol. Dec 1985;17(12):777-8. [Medline].

  13. Lyons CJ, Tiffin PA, Oystreck D. Acute acquired comitant esotropia: a prospective study. Eye. Oct 1999;13 (Pt 5):617-20. [Medline].

  14. Mohney BG. Acquired nonaccommodative esotropia in childhood. J AAPOS. Apr 2001;5(2):85-9. [Medline].

  15. Mohney BG. Common forms of childhood esotropia. Ophthalmology. Apr 2001;108(4):805-9. [Medline].

  16. Thomas AH. Divergence insufficiency. J AAPOS. Dec 2000;4(6):359-61. [Medline].

  17. Troost BT, Abel L, Noreika J, Genovese FM. Acquired cyclic esotropia in an adult. Am J Ophthalmol. Jan 1981;91(1):8-13. [Medline].

 
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