Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Treatment & Management

  • Author: Natalio J Izquierdo, MD; Chief Editor: Hampton Roy Sr, MD   more...
 
Updated: May 5, 2010
 

Medical Care

Reaching a final diagnosis is of utmost importance in the management of patients with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). A primary physician should lead a multispecialty group in the management of patients with the syndrome. HPS should be ruled out in all patients with Ty-pos OCA who have Puerto Rican ancestors.

  • Early ophthalmic evaluation is needed in patients with a suspected OCA diagnosis. Ophthalmologists will inspect the iris for transillumination and retinal findings compatible with OCA.
  • Further, patients with the syndrome may benefit from eyeglasses to correct amyloidogenic refractive errors and also from low vision evaluation and rehabilitation.
  • Patients with the syndrome have systemic complications associated to accumulation of autofluorescent ceroidlike pigments within macrophages in various tissues, including bone marrow, spleen, liver, colon, lymph nodes, and kidneys.
  • A pneumologist should evaluate patients with the syndrome because of the high mortality associated with pulmonary fibrosis.
  • Early hematology consultation should be requested when a patient with OCA has a history of easy bruising.
  • A geneticist should evaluate patients with the syndrome and their families. The geneticist should lead the search for the HPS-1 gene mutation in patients with HPS. Genetic counseling may benefit patients with the syndrome.
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Surgical Care

Systemic complications make surgeries more challenging in patients with the syndrome. Both the surgeon and the anesthesia team should be aware of the potential pulmonary and hematologic complications that may occur when a patient with the syndrome undergoes surgery.

  • A preoperative pneumologist consultation is needed. The anesthesia team should be aware that patients may have postoperative pulmonary complications as part of the syndrome.
  • Preoperative hematology consultation is advisable prior to elective ocular surgeries. Since patients with the syndrome have bleeding tendencies, intraoperative, perioperative, and postoperative hemorrhages should be prevented and treated. If platelet aggregation improves with desmopressin, it may be administered in the preoperative period. However, sometimes plasmapheresis is needed in the perioperative period.
  • Ophthalmologists should try to avoid retrobulbar blocks in patients with the syndrome. Whenever possible, patients with HPS may benefit from general endotracheal anesthesia. Phacoemulsification may help prevent intraoperative and postoperative bleeding in patients with the syndrome. Prolonged bleeding has been reported following strabismus surgery in patients with the syndrome.
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Consultations

  • Hematology consultation: Because patients with the syndrome have bleeding diathesis, a hematologist should evaluate, diagnose, and co-manage patients with the syndrome.
  • Pneumologist consultation: A pneumologist may diagnose and manage pulmonary fibrosis. The pneumologist should lead pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with the syndrome.
  • Gastroenterologic evaluation: Patients with HPS may have gastrointestinal findings associated to ceroid deposition. Some patients may have gastroduodenitis, procto-colitis, or a granulomatous (Crohn-like) colitis. Upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding has been reported in patients with both HPS type 1 and HPS type 3. A gastroenterologist should treat patients who have gastrointestinal complications as part of the syndrome.
  • Dermatology consultation: Patients with the syndrome are at an increased risk of skin malignancies. A dermatologist should periodically evaluate patients with HPS.
  • Gynecologic evaluation: A gynecologist should evaluate patients with HPS. Witkop and coworkers reported menometrorrhagia in 60% of female patients with the syndrome.[16] Up to 46% of patients underwent gynecologic surgical procedures as part of treatment of abnormally abundant menstrual bleeding. No maternal mortalities have been reported in female patients with the syndrome.
  • Rheumatologic evaluation: Previous studies have reported osteopenia in patients with albinism. Patients with HPS should have bone densitometry studies. Treatment of osteopenia may benefit patients with the syndrome.
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Diet

Osteoporosis has been reported in patients with OCA. Patients with the syndrome may benefit from vitamin D and calcium-enriched diets.

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Activity

  • Patients with the syndrome are at increased risk of skin malignancies. Therefore, patients with HPS should avoid sun exposure. Further, sunglasses with ultraviolet ray protection may benefit patients with the syndrome.
  • To prevent bleeding following trauma, patients with HPS should avoid contact sports.
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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Natalio J Izquierdo, MD  Former Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico

Natalio J Izquierdo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, International Society for Genetic Eye Diseases and Retinoblastoma, Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology, and Sociedad Puertorriquena de Oftalmologia

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

William Townsend, MD  Retired Professor, Chairman, and Director, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences

William Townsend, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology and American Ophthalmological Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Andrew W Lawton, MD  Medical Director of Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Section of Ophthalmology, Baptist Eye Center, Baptist Health Medical Center

Andrew W Lawton, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Arkansas Medical Society, and Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD  Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute; Chief of Section of Ophthalmology Surgical Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, West Los Angeles

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Brian R Younge, MD  Professor of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine

Brian R Younge, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Ophthalmological Society, and North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lance L Brown, OD, MD  Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD  Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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