Peters Anomaly Workup

  • Author: Guruswami Giri, MD, FRCS; Chief Editor: Hampton Roy Sr, MD   more...
 
Updated: Feb 15, 2012
 

Laboratory Studies

  • Peters anomaly is a clinical diagnosis. Depending on the physical examination, laboratory studies may be warranted.
  • The only specific test for Peters anomaly is histopathology of the cornea (see Histologic Findings).
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Imaging Studies

  • The following imaging studies may be performed based on the clinical findings from the physical examination:
    • MRI
      • MRI of the brain and the spinal cord are indicated to rule out neurologic defects.
      • MRI of the abdomen is indicated to rule out genitourinary abnormalities.
    • Echocardiogram (ECHO) is indicated to rule out cardiac defects.
    • Ocular ultrasonogram
      • Ocular ultrasonogram is a useful tool to help diagnose Peters anomaly and to differentiate it from other causes of corneal opacity.
      • Ocular ultrasonogram is also helpful in assessing associated anterior segment abnormalities.[19]
      • Ocular ultrasonogram shows hypoechogenicity of the anterior stroma that histopathologically correlates with the absence of the Bowman layer and the presence of stromal edema.[19]
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Other Tests

  • To rule out hearing abnormalities, hearing tests may be performed.
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Procedures

  • A thorough ocular examination is done under anesthesia.
  • External photographs, ocular ultrasonogram (see Imaging Studies), intraocular pressure, and retinoscopy may also be performed.
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Histologic Findings

Histopathology is often diagnostic. Histologic findings show either thinning or absence of the Descemet membrane or the endothelium. The lens may be normal, or it may be cataractous and adhere to the cornea. The stromal lamellae are irregular and more closely packed. Undifferentiated iris strands attach to the posterior surface of the cornea.

Histochemical studies have shown absence of keratan sulfate in both the cornea and the sclera.

Immunohistochemical studies have shown increased amounts of fibronectin and type VI collagen in the corneas of patients with Peters anomaly.[20, 21]

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Guruswami Giri, MD, FRCS  Vitreo-Retinal Surgeon, Department of Ophthalmology, Permanente Medical Group of Sacramento, CA

Guruswami Giri, MD, FRCS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Royal College of Ophthalmologists, and Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Brian A Phillpotts, MD  Former Vitreo-Retinal Service Director, Former Program Director, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Howard University College of Medicine

Brian A Phillpotts, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Diabetes Association, American Medical Association, and National Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Christopher J Rapuano, MD  Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Director of the Cornea Service, Co-Director of Refractive Surgery Department, Wills Eye Institute

Christopher J Rapuano, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Cornea Society, Eye Bank Association of America, International Society of Refractive Surgery, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Allergan Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Allergan Consulting fee Consulting; Alcon Honoraria Speaking and teaching; RPS Ownership interest Other; EyeGate Pharma Consulting fee Consulting; Bausch & Lomb Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Bausch & Lomb Consulting; Merck Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Lance L Brown, OD, MD  Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD  Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

The authors and editors of eMedicine gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ryan I Huffman, MD, with the literature review and referencing for this article.

References

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  29. Al-Mobarak F, Khan AO. Complications and 2-year valve survival following Ahmed valve implantation during the first 2 years of life. Br J Ophthalmol. Jan 27 2009;[Medline].

 
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