eMedicine Specialties > Ophthalmology > Infectious Disease

Trachoma: Multimedia

Author: Anthony W Solomon, MBBS, DTM&H, PhD, MRCP, Specialist Registrar in Infectious Diseases, Lister Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, London; Honorary Lecturer, International Centre for Eye Health, Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
Coauthor(s): Hugh Ringland Taylor AC, MD, MBBS, BmedSc (Melb), DO (Melb), FRACO, FRACS, FAAO, FACS, FAICD, Harold Mitchell Professor of Indigenous Eye Health, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Sep 5, 2007

Multimedia

Trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF), is th...
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Media file 1: Trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF), is the presence of 5 or more follicles (each at least 0.5 mm in diameter) on the central part of the upper tarsal conjunctiva. Images from the Slides/Text Teaching Series, No. 7, Trachoma, published by The International Centre for Eye Health, Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom. Photograph courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD.
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Trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF), is th...

Trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF), is the presence of 5 or more follicles (each at least 0.5 mm in diameter) on the central part of the upper tarsal conjunctiva. Images from the Slides/Text Teaching Series, No. 7, Trachoma, published by The International Centre for Eye Health, Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom. Photograph courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD.

Trachomatous inflammation, intense (TI) is pronou...
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Media file 2: Trachomatous inflammation, intense (TI) is pronounced inflammatory thickening of the upper tarsal conjunctiva that obscures more than one half the normal deep tarsal vessels. Photograph courtesy of Allen Foster, MD.
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Trachomatous inflammation, intense (TI) is pronou...

Trachomatous inflammation, intense (TI) is pronounced inflammatory thickening of the upper tarsal conjunctiva that obscures more than one half the normal deep tarsal vessels. Photograph courtesy of Allen Foster, MD.

Trachomatous conjunctival scarring (TS) is the pr...
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Media file 3: Trachomatous conjunctival scarring (TS) is the presence of easily visible scars in the tarsal conjunctiva. Photograph courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD.
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Trachomatous conjunctival scarring (TS) is the pr...

Trachomatous conjunctival scarring (TS) is the presence of easily visible scars in the tarsal conjunctiva. Photograph courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD.

Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) is defined as the pr...
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Media file 4: Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) is defined as the presence of at least 1 eyelash rubbing on the eyeball or evidence of recent removal of in-turned lashes. Photograph courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD.
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Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) is defined as the pr...

Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) is defined as the presence of at least 1 eyelash rubbing on the eyeball or evidence of recent removal of in-turned lashes. Photograph courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD.

Easily visible corneal opacity over the pupil; it...
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Media file 5: Easily visible corneal opacity over the pupil; it is so dense that at least part of the pupil margin is blurred when viewed through the opacity. Photograph courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD.
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Easily visible corneal opacity over the pupil; it...

Easily visible corneal opacity over the pupil; it is so dense that at least part of the pupil margin is blurred when viewed through the opacity. Photograph courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD.

The image on the left shows intense inflammatory ...
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Media file 6: The image on the left shows intense inflammatory trachoma, and the image on the right shows allergic conjunctivitis with the typical cobblestone papillae. Courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD, and Murray McGavin, MD.
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The image on the left shows intense inflammatory ...

The image on the left shows intense inflammatory trachoma, and the image on the right shows allergic conjunctivitis with the typical cobblestone papillae. Courtesy of John D. C. Anderson, MD, and Murray McGavin, MD.

More on Trachoma

Overview: Trachoma
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Trachoma
Treatment & Medication: Trachoma
Follow-up: Trachoma
Multimedia: Trachoma
References
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References

  1. Bobo LD, Novak N, Munoz B, Hsieh YH, Quinn TC, West S. Severe disease in children with trachoma is associated with persistent Chlamydia trachomatis infection. J Infect Dis. Dec 1997;176(6):1524-30. [Medline].

  2. Dawson CR, Schachter J, Sallam S, Sheta A, Rubinstein RA, Washton H. A comparison of oral azithromycin with topical oxytetracycline/polymyxin for the treatment of trachoma in children. Clin Infect Dis. Mar 1997;24(3):363-8. [Medline].

  3. Grayston JT, Wang SP, Yeh LJ, Kuo CC. Importance of reinfection in the pathogenesis of trachoma. Rev Infect Dis. Nov-Dec 1985;7(6):717-25. [Medline].

  4. Mabey DC, Solomon AW, Foster A. Trachoma. Lancet. Jul 19 2003;362(9379):223-9. [Medline].

  5. Reacher M, Foster A, Huber J. Trichiasis surgery for trachoma: the bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure. WHO/PBL 93.29. Geneva: World Health Organization;. 1993.

  6. Solomon A, Burton M. What's new in azithromyin?. Community Eye Health. Dec 2004;17(52):54-6. [Medline].

  7. Taylor HR, Johnson SL, Schachter J, Caldwell HD, Prendergast RA. Pathogenesis of trachoma: the stimulus for inflammation. J Immunol. May 1 1987;138(9):3023-7. [Medline].

  8. Thylefors B, Dawson CR, Jones BR, West SK, Taylor HR. A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications. Bull World Health Organ. 1987;65(4):477-83. [Medline].

  9. West S, Munoz B, Lynch M, Kayongoya A, Chilangwa Z, Mmbaga BB, et al. Impact of face-washing on trachoma in Kongwa, Tanzania. Lancet. Jan 21 1995;345(8943):155-8. [Medline].

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Further Reading

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Keywords

Chlamydia trachomatis, C trachomatis, chronic keratoconjunctivitis, SAFE strategy for trachoma, trichiasis, simplified trachoma grading scheme, trachomatous scarring, corneal opacity

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Anthony W Solomon, MBBS, DTM&H, PhD, MRCP, Specialist Registrar in Infectious Diseases, Lister Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, London; Honorary Lecturer, International Centre for Eye Health, Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
Anthony W Solomon, MBBS, DTM&H, PhD, MRCP is a member of the following medical societies: Royal College of Physicians of the United Kingdom
Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Grant/research funds Researcher; International Trachoma Initiative Grant/research funds Researcher; Pfizer Inc Support to attend the Trachoma Scientific Exchange in Phoenix, 2006 Review panel membership

Coauthor(s)

Hugh Ringland Taylor AC, MD, MBBS, BmedSc (Melb), DO (Melb), FRACO, FRACS, FAAO, FACS, FAICD, Harold Mitchell Professor of Indigenous Eye Health, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne
Hugh Ringland Taylor AC, MD, MBBS, BmedSc (Melb), DO (Melb), FRACO, FRACS, FAAO, FACS, FAICD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Ophthalmological Society, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Anastasios J Kanellopoulos, MD, Assistant Program Director, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York University
Anastasios J Kanellopoulos, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Eye Bank Association of America, and International Society of Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD, Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute; Chief of Section of Ophthalmology Surgical Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, West Los Angeles
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Christopher J Rapuano, MD, Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College; Co-Chairman of the Cornea Service, Co-Chairman of Refractive Surgery Department, Wills Eye Hospital
Christopher J Rapuano, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Eye Bank Association of America, Pennsylvania Medical Society, and Philadelphia County Medical Society
Disclosure: Allergan Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Allergan Consulting fee Consulting; Alcon Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Inspire Honoraria Speaking and teaching; RPS Ownership interest Other

CME Editor

Lance L Brown, OD, MD, Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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