Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Chlamydia Medication

  • Author: Mounir Bashour, MD, CM, FRCS(C), PhD, FACS; Chief Editor: Hampton Roy Sr, MD   more...
 
Updated: Apr 9, 2012
 

Medication Summary

The goals of pharmacotherapy are to reduce morbidity and to prevent complications.

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Antibiotics

Class Summary

Empiric antimicrobial therapy must be comprehensive and should cover all likely pathogens in the context of the clinical setting.

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Tetracycline (Sumycin)

 

Mainly bacteriostatic; inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30S and to some extent 50S ribosomal subunits. They also may alter cytoplasmic membrane leading to leakage of intracellular components such as nucleotides from the cell.

Erythromycin (EES, Erythrocin, E-Mycin)

 

Macrolide antibiotic; inhibits protein synthesis by binding reversibly to 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible microorganisms. Effect may be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on sensitivity of the microorganism and concentration of the drug.

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Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

 

Exerts antibacterial action by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and suppressing protein synthesis.

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Azithromycin (Zithromax)

 

Azalide subclass of macrolide antibiotics, derived from erythromycin. Acts by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms and, thus, interferes with microbial protein synthesis. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected.

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Doxycycline (Doryx, Bio-Tab, Vibramycin)

 

Inhibits protein synthesis and thus bacterial growth by binding to 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. Usual doses of doxycycline may be used in patients with impaired renal function.

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Mounir Bashour, MD, CM, FRCS(C), PhD, FACS  Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, McGill University; Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Sherbrooke University; Medical Director, Cornea Laser and Lasik MD

Mounir Bashour, MD, CM, FRCS(C), PhD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American College of International Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Biomedical Engineering Society, Canadian Medical Association, Canadian Ophthalmological Society, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, International College of Surgeons US Section, Ontario Medical Association, Quebec Medical Association, and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Fernando H Murillo-Lopez, MD  Senior Surgeon, Unidad Privada de Oftalmologia CEMES

Fernando H Murillo-Lopez, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Christopher J Rapuano, MD  Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Director of the Cornea Service, Co-Director of Refractive Surgery Department, Wills Eye Institute

Christopher J Rapuano, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Cornea Society, Eye Bank Association of America, International Society of Refractive Surgery, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Allergan Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Allergan Consulting fee Consulting; Alcon Honoraria Speaking and teaching; RPS Ownership interest Other; EyeGate Pharma Consulting fee Consulting; Bausch & Lomb Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Bausch & Lomb Consulting; Merck Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Lance L Brown, OD, MD  Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD  Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

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  10. Haller-Schober EM, El-Shabrawi Y. Chlamydial conjunctivitis (in adults), uveitis, and reactive arthritis, including SARA. Sexually acquired reactive arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Dec 2002;16(6):815-28. [Medline].

  11. Kalayoglu MV. Ocular chlamydial infections: pathogenesis and emerging treatment strategies. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord. Mar 2002;2(1):85-91. [Medline].

  12. Miller K, Schmidt G, Melese M. How reliable is the clinical exam in detecting ocular chlamydial infection?. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. Jul 2004;11(3):255-62. [Medline].

  13. Nakagawa H. Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis. Ophthalmologica. 1997;211 Suppl 1:25-8. [Medline].

  14. Numazaki K, Chiba S, Aoki K. Evaluation of serological tests for screening of chlamydial eye diseases. In Vivo. May-Jun 1999;13(3):235-7. [Medline].

  15. Stenberg K, Mardh PA. Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis: unexplained results. Sex Transm Dis. Jan-Mar 1991;18(1):1-4. [Medline].

  16. Taylor HR, Fitch CP, Murillo-Lopez F, Rapoza P. The diagnosis and treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis. Int Ophthalmol. 1988;12(2):95-9. [Medline].

 
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