Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Chlamydia Workup

  • Author: Mounir Bashour, MD, CM, FRCS(C), PhD, FACS; Chief Editor: Hampton Roy Sr, MD   more...
 
Updated: Apr 9, 2012
 

Laboratory Studies

  • Diagnosis of chlamydial eye infection is based on clinical appearance and laboratory tests.
  • Giemsa staining: Basophilic intracytoplasmic epithelial inclusion bodies are seen with Giemsa staining of conjunctival scrapings.
  • Chlamydial cultures of conjunctiva
  • Direct immunofluorescent (DFA) staining of the conjunctival scrapings is also useful (Syva MicroTrak).
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[4]
    • MicroTrak (Syva Company)
    • Chlamydiazyme (Abbott Laboratories)
    • EIA (Pharmacia)
    • Kodak SureCell Chlamydia Test Kit (Kodak)
  • Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers to Chlamydia species may be obtained.
Next

Other Tests

  • Complete sexually transmitted disease workup of patient and partners is indicated.
Previous
Next

Histologic Findings

Basophilic intracytoplasmic epithelial inclusion bodies are seen with Giemsa staining of conjunctival scrapings.

Previous
Proceed to Treatment & Management
 
 
Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Mounir Bashour, MD, CM, FRCS(C), PhD, FACS  Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, McGill University; Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Sherbrooke University; Medical Director, Cornea Laser and Lasik MD

Mounir Bashour, MD, CM, FRCS(C), PhD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American College of International Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Biomedical Engineering Society, Canadian Medical Association, Canadian Ophthalmological Society, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, International College of Surgeons US Section, Ontario Medical Association, Quebec Medical Association, and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Fernando H Murillo-Lopez, MD  Senior Surgeon, Unidad Privada de Oftalmologia CEMES

Fernando H Murillo-Lopez, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Christopher J Rapuano, MD  Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Director of the Cornea Service, Co-Director of Refractive Surgery Department, Wills Eye Institute

Christopher J Rapuano, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Cornea Society, Eye Bank Association of America, International Society of Refractive Surgery, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Allergan Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Allergan Consulting fee Consulting; Alcon Honoraria Speaking and teaching; RPS Ownership interest Other; EyeGate Pharma Consulting fee Consulting; Bausch & Lomb Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Bausch & Lomb Consulting; Merck Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Lance L Brown, OD, MD  Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD  Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

  1. Rackstraw S, Viswalingam ND, Goh BT. Can chlamydial conjunctivitis result from direct ejaculation into the eye?. Int J STD AIDS. Sep 2006;17(9):639-41. [Medline].

  2. Coppens I, Abu el-Asrar AM, Maudgal PC, Missotten L. Incidence and clinical presentation of chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis: a preliminary study. Int Ophthalmol. 1988;12(4):201-5. [Medline].

  3. Salopek-Rabatic J. Chlamydial conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers: successful treatment with single dose azithromycin. CLAO J. Oct 2001;27(4):209-11. [Medline].

  4. Bersudsky V, Rehany U, Tendler Y, Leffler E, Selah S, Rumelt S. Diagnosis of chlamydial infection by direct enzyme-linked immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction in patients with acute follicular conjunctivitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. Aug 1999;237(8):617-20. [Medline].

  5. Blake IM, Burton MJ, Bailey RL, Solomon AW, West S, Muñoz B, et al. Estimating Household and Community Transmission of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(3):e401. [Medline].

  6. [Guideline] American Academy of Ophthalmology Cornea/External Disease Panel. Conjunctivitis. National Guideline Clearinghouse. 2008.

  7. [Guideline] U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. Oct 7 2008;149(7):491-6, W95. [Medline].

  8. Carta F, Zanetti S, Pinna A, Sotgiu M, Fadda G. The treatment and follow up of adult chlamydial ophthalmia. Br J Ophthalmol. Mar 1994;78(3):206-8. [Medline].

  9. Elnifro EM, Storey CC, Morris DJ, Tullo AB. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival swabs. Br J Ophthalmol. Jun 1997;81(6):497-500. [Medline].

  10. Haller-Schober EM, El-Shabrawi Y. Chlamydial conjunctivitis (in adults), uveitis, and reactive arthritis, including SARA. Sexually acquired reactive arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Dec 2002;16(6):815-28. [Medline].

  11. Kalayoglu MV. Ocular chlamydial infections: pathogenesis and emerging treatment strategies. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord. Mar 2002;2(1):85-91. [Medline].

  12. Miller K, Schmidt G, Melese M. How reliable is the clinical exam in detecting ocular chlamydial infection?. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. Jul 2004;11(3):255-62. [Medline].

  13. Nakagawa H. Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis. Ophthalmologica. 1997;211 Suppl 1:25-8. [Medline].

  14. Numazaki K, Chiba S, Aoki K. Evaluation of serological tests for screening of chlamydial eye diseases. In Vivo. May-Jun 1999;13(3):235-7. [Medline].

  15. Stenberg K, Mardh PA. Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis: unexplained results. Sex Transm Dis. Jan-Mar 1991;18(1):1-4. [Medline].

  16. Taylor HR, Fitch CP, Murillo-Lopez F, Rapoza P. The diagnosis and treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis. Int Ophthalmol. 1988;12(2):95-9. [Medline].

 
Previous
Next
 
 
 
 
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2012 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.