Ptosis, Adult: Multimedia

References

1. Arslan E, Demirkan F, Unal S, et al. Enhanced frontalis sling with double-fixed, solvent-dehydrated cadaveric fascia lata allograft in the management of eye ptosis. J Craniofac Surg. Nov 2004;15(6):960-4; discussion 965-6. [Medline].

2. Beard C. Types of ptosis. In: Beard C, ed. Ptosis. 3^rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1981:39-76.

3. Carter SR, Meecham WJ, Seiff SR. Silicone frontalis slings for the correction of blepharoptosis: indications and efficacy. Ophthalmology. Apr 1996;103(4):623-30. [Medline].

4. Collin JRO. Ptosis. In: Manual of Systematic Eyelid Surgery. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1999:41-72.

5. Dinges WL, Witherspoon SR, Itani KM, Garg A, Peterson DM. Blepharoptosis and external ophthalmoplegia associated with long-term antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. Sep 15 2008;47(6):845-52. [Medline].

6. Dutton JJ. Atlas of Clinical and Surgical Orbital Anatomy. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1994:120-5.

7. Emsen IM. A new ptosis correction technique: a modification of levator aponeurosis advancement. J Craniofac Surg. May 2008;19(3):669-74. [Medline].

8. Frueh BR, Musch DC, McDonald H. Efficacy and efficiency of a new involutional ptosis correction procedure compared to a traditional aponeurotic approach. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2004;102:199-206; discussion 206-7. [Medline].

9. Frueh BR, Musch DC, McDonald HM. Efficacy and efficiency of a small-incision, minimal dissection procedure versus a traditional approach for correcting aponeurotic ptosis. Ophthalmology. Dec 2004;111(12):2158-63. [Medline].

10. Goldey SH, Baylis HI, Goldberg RA, et al. Frontalis muscle flap advancement for correction of blepharoptosis. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. Mar 2000;16(2):83-93. [Medline].

11. Levine MR. Manual of Oculoplastic Surgery. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996:75-105.

12. Park DH, Baik BS. Advancement of the Müller muscle-levator aponeurosis composite flap for correction of blepharoptosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jul 2008;122(1):140-2. [Medline].

13. Putterman AM. Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery Eyelid, Forehead, and Facial Techniques. London: WB Saunders; 1999:137-59.

14. Sakol PJ, Mannor G, Massaro BM. Congenital and acquired blepharoptosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. Oct 1999;10(5):335-9. [Medline].

15. Tsa CC, Li TM, La CS, et al. Use of orbicularis oculi muscle flap for undercorrected blepharoptosis with previous frontalis suspension. Br J Plast Surg. Sep 2000;53(6):473-6. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

adult ptosis, blepharoptosis, droopy lid, droopy eyelid, drooping eyelid, upper eyelid ptosis, lazy eye, bedroom eyes

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Adam J Cohen, MD, Eyelid and Facial Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Diseases and Surgery of the Orbit and Lacrimal System, Cosmetic Laser Surgery
Adam J Cohen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology and American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Michael Mercandetti, MD, MBA, FACS, Consulting Staff, Department of Surgery, Doctors Hospital of Sarasota
Michael Mercandetti, MD, MBA, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Association of Military Surgeons of the US, and Sarasota County Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Ron W Pelton, MD, PhD, Private Practice, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Ron W Pelton, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Colorado Medical Society, Utah Medical Association, and Wilderness Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD, Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute; Chief of Section of Ophthalmology Surgical Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, West Los Angeles
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

J James Rowsey, MD, Former Director of Corneal Services, St Luke's Cataract and Laser Institute, Florida
J James Rowsey, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Medical Association, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Florida Medical Association, Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology, Sigma Xi, and Southern Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Lance L Brown, OD, MD, Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.