Ptosis, Congenital: Multimedia

References

1. Guercio JR, Martyn LJ. Congenital malformations of the eye and orbit. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. Feb 2007;40(1):113-40, vii. [Medline].

2. Berry-Brincat A, Willshaw H. Paediatric blepharoptosis: a 10-year review. Eye (Lond). Jul 2009;23(7):1554-9. [Medline].

3. Wabbels B, Schroeder JA, Voll B, Siegmund H, Lorenz B. Electron microscopic findings in levator muscle biopsies of patients with isolated congenital or acquired ptosis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. Oct 2007;245(10):1533-41. [Medline].

4. Bagheri A, Aletaha M, Saloor H, Yazdani S. A randomized clinical trial of two methods of fascia lata suspension in congenital ptosis. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. May-Jun 2007;23(3):217-21. [Medline].

5. Philandrianos C, Galinier P, Salazard B, Bardot J, Magalon G. Congenital ptosis: long-term outcome of frontalis suspension using autogenous temporal fascia or fascia lata in children. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. Apr 10 2009;[Medline].

6. Chong KK, Fan DS, Lai CH, Rao SK, Lam PT, Lam DS. Unilateral ptosis correction with mersilene mesh frontalis sling in infants: thirteen-year follow-up report. Eye (Lond). Jan 2010;24(1):44-9. [Medline].

7. Lin LK, Uzcategui N, Chang EL. Effect of surgical correction of congenital ptosis on amblyopia. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. Nov-Dec 2008;24(6):434-6. [Medline].

8. Lee MJ, Oh JY, Choung HK, Kim NJ, Sung MS, Khwarg SI. Frontalis sling operation using silicone rod compared with preserved fascia lata for congenital ptosis a three-year follow-up study. Ophthalmology. Jan 2009;116(1):123-9. [Medline].

9. Bernardini FP, Devoto MH, Priolo E. Treatment of unilateral congenital ptosis. Ophthalmology. Mar 2007;114(3):622-3. [Medline].

10. Yoon JS, Lew H, Lee SY. Bell's phenomenon protects the tear film and ocular surface after frontalis suspension surgery for congenital ptosis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. Nov-Dec 2008;45(6):350-5. [Medline].

11. Lin LK, Uzcategui N, Chang EL. Effect of surgical correction of congenital ptosis on amblyopia. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. Nov-Dec 2008;24(6):434-6. [Medline].

12. Lee MJ, Oh JY, Choung HK, Kim NJ, Sung MS, Khwarg SI. Frontalis sling operation using silicone rod compared with preserved fascia lata for congenital ptosis a three-year follow-up study. Ophthalmology. Jan 2009;116(1):123-9. [Medline].

13. Salour H, Aletaha M, Bagheri A. Comparison of Mersilene mesh and autogenous fascia lata in correction of congenital blepharoptosis: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Ophthalmol. Nov-Dec 2008;18(6):853-7. [Medline].

14. Bergin DJ. Management and surgery of congenital and acquired ptosis. Continuing Ophthalmic Video Education. 1990.

15. Clark BJ, Kemp EG, Behan WM, Lee WR. Abnormal extracellular material in the levator palpebrae superioris complex in congenital ptosis. Arch Ophthalmol. Nov 1995;113(11):1414-9. [Medline].

16. Malone TJ, Nerad JA. The surgical treatment of blepharoptosis in oculomotor nerve palsy. Am J Ophthalmol. Jan 15 1988;105(1):57-64. [Medline].

17. Meyer DR, Rheeman CH. Downgaze eyelid position in patients with blepharoptosis. Ophthalmology. Oct 1995;102(10):1517-23. [Medline].

18. Weinberg DA, Lesser RL, Vollmer TL. Ocular myasthenia: a protean disorder. Surv Ophthalmol. Nov-Dec 1994;39(3):169-210. [Medline].

19. Yilmaz N, Hosal BM, Zilelioglu G. Congenital ptosis and associated congenital malformations. J AAPOS. Jun 2004;8(3):293-5. [Medline].

Further Reading

Related eMedicine topics
Ptosis, Adult
Blepharoplasty, Ptosis Surgery
Blepharoplasty, Upper Lid Ptosis Surgery
Floppy Eyelid Syndrome
Upper Eyelid Reconstruction

Guidelines
Pediatric Eye Evaluations: I. Screening. II. Comprehensive Ophthalmic Evaluation

Keywords

congenital ptosis, drooping of the upper eyelid, droopy eyelid, droopy lid, droopy eye, congenital myogenic ptosis, congenital aponeurotic ptosis, congenital neurogenic ptosis, localized myogenic dysgenesis, amblyopia, strabismus, blepharoptosis

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Donny W Suh, MD, FAAP, Clinical Assistant Professor, Pediatric Ophthalmology Service, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Pediatric Ophthalmologist, Adult Strabismus Specialist, Wolfe Eye Clinic, PC; Consulting Staff, Blank Children's Hospital, Mercy Medical Center of Des Moines, Iowa Methodist Hospital of Des Moines, and Marshalltown Medical Center
Donny W Suh, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Alcon  Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Medical Editor

Michael J Bartiss, OD, MD, Medical Director, Ophthalmology, Family Eye Care of the Carolinas
Michael J Bartiss, OD, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and North Carolina Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD, Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute; Chief of Section of Ophthalmology Surgical Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, West Los Angeles
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Mark T Duffy, MD, PhD, Consulting Staff, Division of Oculoplastic, Orbito-facial, Lacrimal and Reconstructive Surgery, Green Bay Eye Clinic, BayCare Clinic; Medical Director, Advanced Cosmetic Solutions, A BayCare Clinic
Mark T Duffy, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sigma Xi, and Society for Neuroscience
Disclosure: Allergan - Botox Cosmetic Consulting fee Consulting; Quest medical - lacrimal balloons Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Ortho-Neutrogenia Consulting fee Consulting

CME Editor

Lance L Brown, OD, MD, Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.