eMedicine Specialties > Ophthalmology > Lid
Eyelid Myokymia: Differential Diagnoses & Workup
Updated: Apr 14, 2009
- Overview
- Differential Diagnoses & Workup
- Treatment & Medication
- Follow-up
Differential Diagnoses
Blepharospasm, Benign Essential
Other Problems to Be Considered
Hemifacial spasm - Unilateral facial contraction due to seventh nerve dysfunction
Meige syndrome - Blepharospasm and oral facial dystonia
Spastic-paretic facial contracture - Unilateral tonic facial contracture due to pontine dysfunction, associated usually with multiple sclerosis, and brainstem tumors or vascular lesions
Workup
Imaging Studies
- Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not needed for typical eyelid myokymia but should be considered if facial myokymia, hemifacial spasm, or spastic paretic facial contracture is suspected.
More on Eyelid Myokymia |
| Overview: Eyelid Myokymia |
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Eyelid Myokymia |
| Treatment & Medication: Eyelid Myokymia |
| Follow-up: Eyelid Myokymia |
| References |
| Further Reading |
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References
Baldwin MR, Barbieri JT. Association of Botulinum neurotoxins with synaptic vesicle protein complexes. Toxicon. Apr 8 2009;[Medline].
Brin MF. Basic and clinical aspects of BOTOX((R)). Toxicon. Mar 31 2009;[Medline].
Pickett A. Dysport((R)): Pharmacological properties and factors that influence toxin action. Toxicon. Mar 28 2009;[Medline].
Moe ST, Thompson AB, Smith GM, Fredenburg RA, Stein RL, Jacobson AR. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A inhibitors: small-molecule mercaptoacetamide analogs. Bioorg Med Chem. Apr 15 2009;17(8):3072-9. [Medline].
Capkova K, Salzameda NT, Janda KD. Investigations into small molecule non-peptidic inhibitors of the botulinum neurotoxins. Toxicon. Mar 25 2009;[Medline].
Andermann F, et al. Facial myokymia in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1961;8:31-44.
Banik R, Miller NR. Chronic myokymia limited to the eyelid is a benign condition. J Neuroophthalmol. Dec 2004;24(4):290-2. [Medline].
Givner I, Jaffe NS. Myokymia of the eyelids; a suggestion as to therapy; preliminary report. Am J Ophthalmol. Jan 1949;32(1):51-5. [Medline].
Krohel GB, Rosenberg PN. Oscillopsia associated with eyelid myokymia. Am J Ophthalmol. Nov 15 1986;102(5):662-3. [Medline].
Lowe R. Facial Twitching. Trans Ophthalmol Soc Aust. 1951;11:129-133.
Reinecke RD. Translated myokymia of the lower eyelid causing uniocular vertical pseudonystagmus. Am J Ophthalmol. Jan 1973;75(1):150-1. [Medline].
Rubin M, Root JD. Electrophysiologic investigation of benign eyelid twitching. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. Sep 1991;31(6):377-81. [Medline].
Scott AB. Botulinum toxin for blepharospasm. In: Spaeth G, Katz LJ, Parker KW, eds. Current Therapy in Ophthalmic Surgery. Toronto: Decker; 1989:322-324.
Sogg RL, Hoyt WF, Boldrey E. Spastic paretic facial contracture. A rare sign of brain stem tumor. Neurology. Jul 1963;13:607-12. [Medline].
Further Reading
Related eMedicine topics
Myokymia (from Neurology)
Floppy Eyelid Syndrome
Blepharoplasty, Lower Eyelid Laxity
Blepharoplasty, Upper Eyelid
Eyelid Anatomy
Keywords
eyelid myokymia, eyelid twitching, eyelid jumping, muscle contractions, blepharospasm, Meige syndrome, hemifacial spasm, spastic-paretic facial contracture, botulinum toxin A, BOTOX®, BOTOX® injections
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Eyelid Myokymia