Background
Hyperlipoproteinemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated concentrations of specific lipoprotein particles in the plasma.
Pathophysiology
Hyperlipidemia (ie, elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels or both) is present in all hyperlipoproteinemias. The primary form includes chylomicronemia, hypercholesterolemia, dysbetalipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipoproteinemia, and combined hyperlipoproteinemia. Other diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, renal disease, and hypothyroidism, cause the secondary form.
Epidemiology
Frequency
United States
This condition has a high frequency in developed countries.
Mortality/Morbidity
- If uncontrolled, higher mortality occurs from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
- Abnormalities of the vascular system can develop, including ischemic cardiac disease. Obtaining appropriate medical evaluation is important, especially in patients younger than 40 years who have a prominent corneal arcus, xanthelasma, or lipemia retinalis.
Race
African Americans are affected more frequently than whites.
Sex
No sexual preponderance exists.
Age
Hyperlipoproteinemia may be present in children and young adults but is seen more frequently in later life.
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