Hypoglycemia: Multimedia

References

1. Hill NR, Thompson B, Bruce J, et al. Glycaemic risk assessment in children and young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. Jul 2009;26(7):740-3. [Medline].

2. Turnbull FM, Abraira C, Anderson RJ, et al. Intensive glucose control and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. Aug 5 2009;[Medline].

3. Garza H. Minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia in older adults: a focus on long-term care. Consult Pharm. Jun 2009;24 Suppl B:18-24. [Medline].

4. Pugh SK, Doherty DA, Magann EF, et al. Does hypoglycemia following a glucose challenge test identify a high risk pregnancy?. Reprod Health. Jul 14 2009;6:10. [Medline].

5. Lin YY, Hsu CW, Sheu WH, Chu SJ, Wu CP, Tsai SH. Use of therapeutic responses to glucose replacement to predict glucose patterns in diabetic patients presenting with severe hypoglycaemia. Int J Clin Pract. Aug 2009;63(8):1161-6. [Medline].

6. Cryer PE, Polonsky KS. Glucose homeostasis and hypoglycemia. In: Wilson JD, Foster DW, Kronenberg HM, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 9^th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1998:939-71.

7. Field JB. Hypoglycemia. Definition, clinical presentations, classification, and laboratory tests. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. Mar 1989;18(1):27-43. [Medline].

8. Ibarra JD Jr. Hypoglycemia. Postgrad Med. Feb 1972;51(2):88-93. [Medline].

9. Koch B. Selected topics of hypoglycemia care. Can Fam Physician. Apr 2006;52:466-71. [Medline].

10. Service FJ. Classification of hypoglycemic disorders. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. Sep 1999;28(3):501-17, vi. [Medline].

11. Service FJ. Diagnostic approach to adults with hypoglycemic disorders. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. Sep 1999;28(3):519-32, vi. [Medline].

12. Service FJ. Hypoglycemia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. Dec 1997;26(4):937-55. [Medline].

13. Service FJ. Hypoglycemic disorders. N Engl J Med. Apr 27 1995;332(17):1144-52. [Medline].

14. Shamoon H. Hypoglycemia. In: Endocrinology and Metabolism. 3^rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1995:1251-69.

Further Reading

Related eMedicine topics:
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 [Endocrinology]
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 [Pediatrics: General Medicine]
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - A Review
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 [Endocrinology]
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 [Pediatrics: General Medicine]
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - A Review
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Hypoglycemia [Emergency Medicine]
Hypoglycemia [Pediatrics: General Medicine]
Insulinoma
Pediatrics, Hypoglycemia
Pseudohypoglycemia

Clinical guidelines:
Neonatal hypoglycemia: initial and follow up management.
Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center - Private Nonprofit Organization.  2004 Apr.  4 pages.  NGC:004293

Guidelines for glucose monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates.
Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine - Professional Association.  1999 (revised 2006).  7 pages.  NGC:005865

Standards of medical care in diabetes. V. Diabetes care.
American Diabetes Association - Professional Association.  1998 (revised 2008 Jan).  8 pages.  NGC:006281

Clinical trials:
Insulin Analogues and Severe Hypoglycaemia

Mechanisms Responsible for Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure (HAAF)

Sulfonylurea Effects on Glucagon Regulation During Hypoglycemia in Type 1 DM

Keywords

hypoglycemia, blood sugar, blood glucose, low blood sugar, high blood sugar, type 2 diabetes, diabetes mellitus, plasma glucose disorder, glucose disorder, low blood sugar, Whipple triad, decreased glucose, insulin-producing tumor, neuroglycopenic symptoms, reactive hypoglycemia, fasting hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic disorder, hypoglycemic

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Vasudevan A Raghavan, MBBS, MD, MRCP, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Cardiovascular Sciences, Ohio State University; Co-director of The Ross Heart Hospital Comprehensive Lipid Management Clinic, Ohio State University Medical Center
Vasudevan A Raghavan, MBBS, MD, MRCP is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Diabetes Association, Endocrine Society, National Lipid Association, and Royal College of Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Vellore A R Srinivasan, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute campus, Puducherry, India
Disclosure: Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute campus , Pondicherry ( Puducherry ) , India . P.C. 607 402 Salary Employment

Kenneth J Snow, MD, Associate Chief, Adult Diabetes, Joslin Clinic
Kenneth J Snow, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, American Diabetes Association, and Endocrine Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

David S Schade, MD, Chief, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center
David S Schade, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Medical Research, Endocrine Society, New Mexico Medical Society, New York Academy of Sciences, and Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Yoram Shenker, MD, Chief of Endocrinology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Madison; Interim Chief, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Yoram Shenker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Heart Association, Central Society for Clinical Research, and Endocrine Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Mark Cooper, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, Head, Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Baker Heart Research Institute, Professor of Medicine, Monash University
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

George T Griffing, MD, Professor of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine
George T Griffing, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Medical Practice Executives, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Medical Research, American Heart Association, Central Society for Clinical Research, Endocrine Society, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, and Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.