eMedicine Specialties > Ophthalmology > Refractive Disorders

LASEK: Multimedia

Author: Sanjeev Grewal, MD, FRCS(C), Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Residency Program Director, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Associates, George Washington University
Coauthor(s): Reecha Sachdeva, BA, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Brad Feldman, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Ophthalmology, George Washington University Medical Center; Ronald R Krueger, MD, Medical Director, Department of Refractive Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jun 21, 2007

Multimedia

Illustration of myopia.
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 1: Illustration of myopia.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Illustration of myopia.

Illustration of myopia.

Illustration of hyperopia.
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 2: Illustration of hyperopia.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Illustration of hyperopia.

Illustration of hyperopia.

Illustration of an astigmatic cornea.
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 3: Illustration of an astigmatic cornea.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Illustration of an astigmatic cornea.

Illustration of an astigmatic cornea.

Illustration depicting the layers of the human co...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 4: Illustration depicting the layers of the human cornea.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Illustration depicting the layers of the human co...

Illustration depicting the layers of the human cornea.

Histologic slide of the human cornea identifying ...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 5: Histologic slide of the human cornea identifying its layers: (1) corneal stratified squamous epithelium with underlying Bowman layer, (2) stroma with keratocytes dispersed throughout, (3) Descemet membrane, and (4) single layer of endothelium. Image courtesy of Mission for Vision. Retrieved from http://www.missionforvisionusa.org/anatomy/2005/10/cornea.html.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Histologic slide of the human cornea identifying ...

Histologic slide of the human cornea identifying its layers: (1) corneal stratified squamous epithelium with underlying Bowman layer, (2) stroma with keratocytes dispersed throughout, (3) Descemet membrane, and (4) single layer of endothelium. Image courtesy of Mission for Vision. Retrieved from http://www.missionforvisionusa.org/anatomy/2005/10/cornea.html.

Example of corneal topography. This image depicts...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 6: Example of corneal topography. This image depicts a large inferior cone (or bulging of the cornea) along the contour of the cornea, as illustrated through the inferior red portion, which shows the steepest area of the curvature, against the blue portion, which shows the flattest portion of the curvature. Retrieved from www.opt.indiana.edu, July 22, 2006.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Example of corneal topography. This image depicts...

Example of corneal topography. This image depicts a large inferior cone (or bulging of the cornea) along the contour of the cornea, as illustrated through the inferior red portion, which shows the steepest area of the curvature, against the blue portion, which shows the flattest portion of the curvature. Retrieved from www.opt.indiana.edu, July 22, 2006.

This image depicts the epithelial flap of a porci...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 7: This image depicts the epithelial flap of a porcine eye as it is folded along its hinge to reveal the surface for laser ablation. Image courtesy of Ronald R. Krueger, MD, Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
This image depicts the epithelial flap of a porci...

This image depicts the epithelial flap of a porcine eye as it is folded along its hinge to reveal the surface for laser ablation. Image courtesy of Ronald R. Krueger, MD, Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

This image, taken intraoperatively on a rabbit ey...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 8: This image, taken intraoperatively on a rabbit eye, depicts the creation of the epithelial flap using the microkeratome. Image courtesy of Ronald R. Krueger, MD, Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
This image, taken intraoperatively on a rabbit ey...

This image, taken intraoperatively on a rabbit eye, depicts the creation of the epithelial flap using the microkeratome. Image courtesy of Ronald R. Krueger, MD, Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

This image depicts the epithelial flap created in...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 9: This image depicts the epithelial flap created in LASEK surgery on a rabbit eye. Image courtesy of Ronald R. Krueger, MD, Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
This image depicts the epithelial flap created in...

This image depicts the epithelial flap created in LASEK surgery on a rabbit eye. Image courtesy of Ronald R. Krueger, MD, Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

Image of corneal haze following refractive surger...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 10: Image of corneal haze following refractive surgery, as viewed through a slit lamp. Image courtesy of Ronald R. Krueger, MD, Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Image of corneal haze following refractive surger...

Image of corneal haze following refractive surgery, as viewed through a slit lamp. Image courtesy of Ronald R. Krueger, MD, Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

Relative differences of LASIK, LASEK, and PRK. Ad...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 11: Relative differences of LASIK, LASEK, and PRK. Adapted from Taneri S, et al: Evolution, techniques, clinical outcomes, and pathophysiology of LASEK: review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol 2004 Nov-Dec; 49(6): 576-602.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Relative differences of LASIK, LASEK, and PRK. Ad...

Relative differences of LASIK, LASEK, and PRK. Adapted from Taneri S, et al: Evolution, techniques, clinical outcomes, and pathophysiology of LASEK: review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol 2004 Nov-Dec; 49(6): 576-602.

More on LASEK

Overview: LASEK
Workup: LASEK
Treatment: LASEK
Follow-up: LASEK
Multimedia: LASEK
References
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

References

  1. Adams GW, Hubbard AD. Kennerley Bankes Clinical Ophthalmology: A Text and Color Atlas. 4th ed. 1999.

  2. Chen KH, Hsu WM, Lee SM, Lai JY, Li YS. Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy for dry eye associated with soft contact lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. Dec 2005;31(12):2299-305. [Medline].

  3. Cleveland Clinic Foundation Health Information Center. LASEK: Overview. 2006. [Full Text].

  4. Gimbel HV, Penno EEA. LASIK Complications: Trends and Techniques 3E.

  5. Hammond MD, Madigan WP Jr, Bower KS. Refractive surgery in the United States Army, 2000-2003. Ophthalmology. Feb 2005;112(2):184-90. [Medline].

  6. Horwath-Winter J, Vidic B, Schwantzer G, Schmut O. Early changes in corneal sensation, ocular surface integrity, and tear-film function after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. Nov 2004;30(11):2316-21. [Medline].

  7. Kanski, Menon, Boulton. Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach. 5th ed. 2003.

  8. Laplace O, Bourcier T, Chaumeil C, Cardine S, Nordmann JP. Early bacterial keratitis after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. Dec 2004;30(12):2638-40. [Medline].

  9. Lee HK, Lee KS, Kim JK, Kim HC, Seo KR, Kim EK. Epithelial healing and clinical outcomes in excimer laser photorefractive surgery following three epithelial removal techniques: mechanical, alcohol, and excimer laser. Am J Ophthalmol. Jan 2005;139(1):56-63. [Medline].

  10. Samalonis LB. LASEK techniques. EyeWorld. 2002;7(9):31-32.

  11. Sandoval HP, de Castro LE, Vroman DT, Solomon KD. Refractive Surgery Survey 2004. J Cataract Refract Surg. Jan 2005;31(1):221-33. [Medline].

  12. Scerrati E. Laser in situ keratomileusis vs. laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASIK vs. LASEK). J Refract Surg. Mar-Apr 2001;17(2 Suppl):S219-21. [Medline].

  13. Taneri S, Zieske JD, Azar DT. Evolution, techniques, clinical outcomes, and pathophysiology of LASEK: review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol. Nov-Dec 2004;49(6):576-602. [Medline].

  14. Vinciguerra P, Camesasca FI, Torres IM. Transition zone design and smoothing in custom laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. Jan 2005;31(1):39-47. [Medline].

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Further Reading

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Keywords

laser assisted subepithelial keratomileusis, laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis, e-LASIK, epi-LASEK, epithelial flap photorefractive keratectomy, excimer laser subepithelial ablation, laser assisted subepithelial keratectomy, laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy, laser epithelial keratomileusis, subepithelial photorefractive keratectomy, photorefractive keratectomy, PRK, LASIK, laser assisted in situ keratomileusis

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Sanjeev Grewal, MD, FRCS(C), Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Residency Program Director, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Associates, George Washington University
Sanjeev Grewal, MD, FRCS(C) is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Reecha Sachdeva, BA, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Reecha Sachdeva, BA is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Student Association/Foundation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Brad Feldman, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Ophthalmology, George Washington University Medical Center
Brad Feldman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology and American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Ronald R Krueger, MD, Medical Director, Department of Refractive Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Ronald R Krueger, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, International Society for Optical Engineering, and International Society of Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Daniel S Durrie, MD, Director, Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Refractive Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center
Daniel S Durrie, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD, Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute; Chief of Section of Ophthalmology Surgical Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, West Los Angeles
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Louis E Probst, MD, Medical Director of Refractive Surgery, Chicago, Madison, Milwaukee, and Windsor Centers, TLC the Laser Eye Centers
Louis E Probst, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, and International Society of Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Lance L Brown, OD, MD, Ophthalmologist, Affiliated With Freeman Hospital and St John's Hospital, Regional Eye Center, Joplin, Missouri
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Hampton Roy Sr, MD, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.