eMedicine Specialties > Orthopedic Surgery > Foot & Ankle
Recurrent Ankle Sprains: Multimedia
Updated: Feb 15, 2008
Multimedia
![]() | Media file 1: Anatomy of the lateral ankle ligamentous complex and related structures. |
![]() | Media file 2: Medial ankle view showing the ligamentous anatomy of the deltoid ligament and related structures. |
![]() | Media file 3: Posterior view of the ligaments of the ankle. |
More on Recurrent Ankle Sprains |
| Overview: Recurrent Ankle Sprains |
| Workup: Recurrent Ankle Sprains |
| Treatment: Recurrent Ankle Sprains |
| Follow-up: Recurrent Ankle Sprains |
Multimedia: Recurrent Ankle Sprains |
| References |
| « Previous Page |
References
Hertel J. Functional instability following lateral ankle sprain. Sports Med. May 2000;29(5):361-71. [Medline].
Ekstrand J, Gillquist J. The avoidability of soccer injuries. Int J Sports Med. May 1983;4(2):124-8. [Medline].
Valderrabano V, Wiewiorski M, Frigg A, Hintermann B, Leumann A. [Chronic ankle instability] [German]. Unfallchirurg. Aug 2007;110(8):691-9; quiz 700. [Medline].
Hubbard TJ, Kramer LC, Denegar CR, Hertel J. Contributing factors to chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. Mar 2007;28(3):343-54. [Medline].
Staples OS. Ruptures of the fibular collateral ligaments of the ankle. Result study of immediate surgical treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jan 1975;57(1):101-7. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Brand RL, Black HM, Cox JS. The natural history of inadequately treated ankle sprain. Am J Sports Med. Nov-Dec 1977;5(6):248-9. [Medline].
Larsen E. Tendon transfer for lateral ankle and subtalar joint instability. Acta Orthop Scand. Apr 1988;59(2):168-72. [Medline].
Karlsson J, Eriksson BI, Renström PA. Subtalar ankle instability. A review. Sports Med. Nov 1997;24(5):337-46. [Medline].
Mann RA. Major surgical procedures for disorders of the ankle, tarsus, and midtarsus. In: Mann RA, ed. Surgery of the Foot. 5th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book, Inc; 1986:283-304.
Hopkinson WJ, St Pierre P, Ryan JB, Wheeler JH. Syndesmosis sprains of the ankle. Foot Ankle. Jun 1990;10(6):325-30. [Medline].
Smith RW, Reischl SF. Treatment of ankle sprains in young athletes. Am J Sports Med. Nov-Dec 1986;14(6):465-71. [Medline].
Bosien WR, Staples OS, Russell SW. Residual disability following acute ankle sprains. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Dec 1955;37-A(6):1237-43. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Freeman MA, Dean MR, Hanham IW. The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Nov 1965;47(4):678-85. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Freeman MAR, Wyke BD. An experimental study of articular neurology. J Bone Joint Surg. 1967;49B:185.
O'Donoghue DH. Treatment of Injuries to Athletes. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1970.
Pisani G. Chronic laxity of the subtalar joint. Orthopedics. May 1996;19(5):431-7. [Medline].
Attarian DE, McCrackin HJ, DeVito DP, McElhaney JH, Garrett WE Jr. Biomechanical characteristics of human ankle ligaments. Foot Ankle. Oct 1985;6(2):54-8. [Medline].
Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Reed SC, Hedman TP. Disruption of the ankle syndesmosis: biomechanical study of the ligamentous restraints. Arthroscopy. Oct 1994;10(5):558-60. [Medline].
Rasmussen O. Stability of the ankle joint. Analysis of the function and traumatology of the ankle ligaments. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1985;211:1-75. [Medline].
Harper MC. The lateral ligamentous support of the subtalar joint. Foot Ankle. Jun 1991;11(6):354-8. [Medline].
Kjaersgaard-Andersen P, Wethelund JO, Helmig P, Søballe K. Stabilizing effect of the tibiocalcaneal fascicle of the deltoid ligament on hindfoot joint movements: an experimental study. Foot Ankle. Aug 1989;10(1):30-5. [Medline].
Kjaersgaard-Andersen P, Wethelund JO, Helmig P, Søballe K. The stabilizing effect of the ligamentous structures in the sinus and canalis tarsi on movements in the hindfoot. An experimental study. Am J Sports Med. Sep-Oct 1988;16(5):512-6. [Medline].
Cass JR, Morrey BF, Katoh Y, Chao EY. Ankle instability: comparison of primary repair and delayed reconstruction after long-term follow-up study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Sep 1985;198:110-7. [Medline].
Trouilloud P, Dia A, Grammont P, Gelle MC, Autissier JM. [Variations in the calcaneo-fibular ligament (lig. calcaneofibulare). Application to the kinematics of the ankle] [French]. Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy). Mar 1988;72(216):31-5. [Medline].
Anderson KJ, LeCocq JF, Clayton ML. Athletic injury to the fibular collateral ligament of the ankle. Clin Orthop. 1962;23:146-61. [Medline].
Safran MR, Benedetti RS, Bartolozzi AR 3rd, Mandelbaum BR. Lateral ankle sprains: a comprehensive review: part 1: etiology, pathoanatomy, histopathogenesis, and diagnosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Jul 1999;31(7 suppl):S429-37. [Medline].
Chrisman OD, Snook GA. Reconstruction of lateral ligament tears of the ankle. An experimental study and clinical evaluation of seven patients treated by a new modification of the Elmslie procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jul 1969;51(5):904-12. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Breitenseher MJ. [Injury of the ankle joint ligaments] [German]. Radiologe. Mar 2007;47(3):216-23. [Medline].
Richie DH Jr. Effects of foot orthoses on patients with chronic ankle instability. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. Jan-Feb 2007;97(1):19-30. [Medline].
Safran MR, Zachazewski JE, Benedetti RS, Bartolozzi AR 3rd, Mandelbaum R. Lateral ankle sprains: a comprehensive review part 2: treatment and rehabilitation with an emphasis on the athlete. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Jul 1999;31(7 suppl):S438-47. [Medline].
Broström L. Sprained ankles. VI. Surgical treatment of "chronic" ligament ruptures. Acta Chir Scand. Nov 1966;132(5):551-65. [Medline].
Gould N, Seligson D, Gassman J. Early and late repair of lateral ligament of the ankle. Foot Ankle. Sep 1980;1(2):84-9. [Medline].
Coughlin M, Mann R, eds. Surgery of the Foot and Ankle. 7th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book, Inc; 1999:1114-53.
Wolin I, Glassman F, Sideman S, Levinthal DH. Internal derangement of the talofibular component of the ankle. Surg Gynecol Obstet. Aug 1950;91(2):193-200. [Medline].
Bassett FH 3rd, Gates HS 3rd, Billys JB, Morris HB, Nikolaou PK. Talar impingement by the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament. A cause of chronic pain in the ankle after inversion sprain. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jan 1990;72(1):55-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Ross SE, Arnold BL, Blackburn JT, Brown CN, Guskiewicz KM. Enhanced balance associated with coordination training with stochastic resonance stimulation in subjects with functional ankle instability: an experimental trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. Dec 17 2007;4(1):47. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Ross SE. Noise-enhanced postural stability in subjects with functional ankle instability. Br J Sports Med. Oct 2007;41(10):656-9; discussion 659. [Medline].
Hale SA, Hertel J, Olmsted-Kramer LC. The effect of a 4-week comprehensive rehabilitation program on postural control and lower extremity function in individuals with chronic ankle instability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. Jun 2007;37(6):303-11. [Medline].
Edwards GS Jr, DeLee JC. Ankle diastasis without fracture. Foot Ankle. May-Jun 1984;4(6):305-12. [Medline].
Katznelson A, Lin E, Militiano J. Ruptures of the ligaments about the tibio-fibular syndesmosis. Injury. Nov 1983;15(3):170-2. [Medline].
Hassan AH. Treatment of anterolateral impingements of the ankle joint by arthroscopy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Sep 2007;15(9):1150-4. [Medline].
Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Reed SC. Disruption of the ankle syndesmosis: diagnosis and treatment by arthroscopic surgery. Arthroscopy. Oct 1994;10(5):561-8. [Medline].
Mabit C, Pécout C, Arnaud JP. [Ligamentoplasty using the peroneus tertius in the correction of lateral laxity of the ankle. Surgical technique] [French]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1996;82(1):70-5. [Medline].
Sammarco GJ, Carrasquillo HA. Surgical revision after failed lateral ankle reconstruction. Foot Ankle Int. Dec 1995;16(12):748-53. [Medline].
Ozkan T, Tunçer S, Oztürk K, Aydin A, Ozkan S. [Surgical restoration of drop foot deformity with tibialis posterior tendon transfer] [Turkish, English]. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2007;41(4):259-65. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Brody PJ, Grumbine N. Peroneus tertius reconstruction for flexible clawtoes associated with cavus deformity: a preliminary report. J Foot Surg. Sep-Oct 1984;23(5):357-61. [Medline].
Anderson KJ, LeCocq JF, LeCocq EA. Recurrent anterior subluxation of the ankle joint; a report of two cases and an experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Oct 1952;34 A(4):853-60. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Clayton ML, Weir GJ Jr. Experimental investigations of ligamentous healing. Am J Surg. Sep 1959;98:373-8. [Medline].
Frigg A, Magerkurth O, Valderrabano V, Ledermann HP, Hintermann B. The effect of osseous ankle configuration on chronic ankle instability. Br J Sports Med. Jul 2007;41(7):420-4. [Medline].
Karlsson J, Eriksson BI, Renström P. Subtalar instability of the foot. A review and results after surgical treatment. Scand J Med Sci Sports. Aug 1998;8(4):191-7. [Medline].
Korkala O, Rusanen M, Grönblad M. Healing of experimental ligament rupture: findings by scanning electron microscopy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1984;102(3):179-82. [Medline].
Le Gall F, Carling C, Reilly T. Injuries in young elite female soccer players: an 8-season prospective study. Am J Sports Med. Feb 2008;36(2):276-84. [Medline].
Porter EB, Young CC, Niedfeldt MW, Gottschlich LM. Sport-specific injuries and medical problems of figure skaters. WMJ. Sep 2007;106(6):330-4. [Medline].
Rosenfeld P. Acute and chronic peroneal tendon dislocations. Foot Ankle Clin. Dec 2007;12(4):643-57, vii. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
recurrent ankle instability, chronic ankle sprain, chronic ankle instability, subtalar instability, functional ankle instability, chronic medial ligament instability, mechanical ankle instability






Multimedia: Recurrent Ankle Sprains