Fifth-Toe Deformities: Workup

References

1. Cooper PS. Disorders and deformity of the lesser toes. In: Myerson MS, ed. Foot and Ankle Disorders. 2000: 340-5.

2. Ely LW. Hammertoe. Surg Clin N Am. 1926;6:433.

3. Higgs SL. Hammertoe. Med Press. 1931;131:473.

4. Dereymaeker G, van der Broek C. Biphalangeal fifth toe. Foot Ankle Int. Nov 2006;27(11):948-51. [Medline].

5. Mills GP. The etiology and treatment of claw-toe. J Bone Joint Surg. 1924;6:142.

6. Schnepp KH. Hammertoe and claw foot. Am J Surg. 1933;36:351.

7. Jacobs R, Vandeputte G. Flexor tendon lengthening for hammer toes and curly toes in paediatric patients. Acta Orthop Belg. Jun 2007;73(3):373-6. [Medline].

8. Togashi S, Nakayama Y, Hata J, Endo T. A new surgical method for treating lateral ray polydactyly with brachydactyly of the foot: lengthening the reconstructed fifth toe. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59(7):752-8. [Medline].

9. Soule RE. Operation for the correction of hammertoe. N Y Med J. 1910;91:649.

10. Bouché RT, Heit EJ. Combined plantar plate and hammertoe repair with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer for chronic, severe sagittal plane instability of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints: preliminary observations. J Foot Ankle Surg. Mar-Apr 2008;47(2):125-37. [Medline].

11. Konkel KF, Menger AG, Retzlaff SA. Hammer toe correction using an absorbable intramedullary pin. Foot Ankle Int. Aug 2007;28(8):916-20. [Medline].

12. Ruiz-Mora J. Plastic correction of overriding 5th toe. Orthop Lett Club. 1954;6:6.

13. Janecki CJ, Wilde AH. Results of phalangectomy of the fifth toe for hammertoe. The Ruiz-Mora procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Oct 1976;58(7):1005-7. [Medline].

14. Schuh A, Werber S, Zeiler G, Schraml A. [Experiences with the Butler procedure for overlapping fifth toe]. Zentralbl Chir. Apr 2005;130(2):153-6. [Medline].

15. Wilson JN. V-Y correction for varus deformity of the fifth toe. Br J Surg. Sep 1953;41(166):133-5. [Medline].

16. Lapidus P. Transplantation of the extensor tendon for correction of the overlapping 5th toe. J Bone Joint Surg. 1942;24:555.

17. Thompson FM, Hamilton WG. Problems of the second metatarsophalangeal joint. Orthopedics. Jan 1987;10(1):83-9. [Medline].

18. Thompson FM, Deland JT. Flexor tendon transfer for metatarsophalangeal instability of the second toe. Foot Ankle. Sep 1993;14(7):385-8. [Medline].

Further Reading

Related eMedicine topics:

Claw Toe

Hammertoe Deformity

Mallet Toe

Keywords

fifth-toe deformities, toe deformities, hard corns, heloma durum, helomata durum, soft corns, heloma molles, helomata molle, ainhum, hammertoes, hammer toes, claw toes, overlapping toes, underlapping toes, curly toes, congenital varus toes, cock-up toes, little toe, small toes, kissing corns, epidermal hyperkeratosis, Ruiz-Mora procedure, syndactylization, arthroplasty, Z-plasty, flail toe, dorsiflexion contracture, plantarflexion contracture, capsulotomy, DuVries procedure, skin plasty, pinky toe pain, pinky toe deformity, toe pain, intrac table plantar keratosis, clavus, bunionette, pes cavus

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Stephen M Schroeder, DPM, Chief of Podiatric Foot and Ankle Surgery, Southwest Washington Medical Center
Stephen M Schroeder, DPM is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Raymond O'Hara, DPM, Chief Resident, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Peter Blume, DPM, Director of Diabetic Foot Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Yale New Haven Hospital; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Podiatric Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine
Peter Blume, DPM is a member of the following medical societies: American Diabetes Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Enzo Sella, MD, Chief, Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery, Yale-New Haven Hospital; Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine
Enzo Sella, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, Eastern Orthopaedic Association, and North American Spine Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

John S Early, MD, Foot/Ankle Specialist, Texas Orthopaedic Associates, LLP; Co-Director, North Texas Foot and Ankle Fellowship Baylor University Medical Center
John S Early, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, Orthopaedic Trauma Association, and Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Zimmer Inc Consulting fee Independent contractor; Smith Nephew Consulting fee Independent contractor; AO North America Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Shepard R Hurwitz, MD, Executive Director, American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery
Shepard R Hurwitz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Rheumatology, American College of Sports Medicine, American College of Surgeons, American Diabetes Association, American Orthopaedic Association, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Eastern Orthopaedic Association, Orthopaedic Research Society, Orthopaedic Trauma Association, and Southern Orthopaedic Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS, Associate Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Chief of Arthroscopic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, American College of International Physicians, and American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Jason H Calhoun, MD, FAAOS, Chairman, J Vernon Luck Distinguished Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri
Jason H Calhoun, MD, FAAOS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American College of Surgeons, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.