eMedicine Specialties > Orthopedic Surgery > Hand & Upper Extremity
Torticollis: Follow-up
Updated: Feb 5, 2008
Outcome and Prognosis
Ninety percent of patients with congenital muscular torticollis respond to passive stretching within the first year of life.
For patients who undergo selective denervation, 65-80% experience satisfactory results, and these patients can be expected to maintain their improvement.
No long-term prognosis for sternocleidomastoid release is available in the current literature.
Future and Controversies
Stereotactic procedures targeting the pallidofugal fibers or Forel field have not had results encouraging enough for them to become widely accepted.
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References
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Schertz M, Zuk L, Zin S, Nadam L, Schwartz D, Bienkowski RS. Motor and cognitive development at one-year follow-up in infants with torticollis. Early Hum Dev. Jan 2008;84(1):9-14. [Medline].
Snyder EM, Coley BD. Limited value of plain radiographs in infant torticollis. Pediatrics. Dec 2006;118(6):e1779-84. [Medline].
Herman MJ. Torticollis in infants and children: common and unusual causes. Instr Course Lect. 2006;55:647-53. [Medline].
Oleszek JL, Chang N, Apkon SD, Wilson PE. Botulinum toxin type a in the treatment of children with congenital muscular torticollis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Oct 2005;84(10):813-6. [Medline].
Ferkel RD, Westin GW, Dawson EG, Oppenheim WL. Muscular torticollis. A modified surgical approach. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Sep 1983;65(7):894-900. [Medline].
Bertrand C, Molina-Negro P, Bouvier G, Gorczyca W. Observations and analysis of results in 131 cases of spasmodic torticollis after selective denervation. Appl Neurophysiol. 1987;50(1-6):319-23. [Medline].
Bertrand CM, Molina-Negro P. Selective peripheral denervation in 111 cases of spasmodic torticollis: rationale and results. Adv Neurol. 1988;50:637-43. [Medline].
Bertrand CM. Selective peripheral denervation for spasmodic torticollis: surgical technique, results, and observations in 260 cases. Surg Neurol. Aug 1993;40(2):96-103. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
wryneck, spasmodic torticollis, cervical dystonia, loxia, congenital muscular torticollis, neck pain, twisted neck
Follow-up: Torticollis