Type III Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Follow-up

  • Author: KoKo Aung, MD, MPH, FACP; Chief Editor: George T Griffing, MD   more...
 
Updated: Jan 3, 2012
 

Further Outpatient Care

Patients with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS) III must undergo lifelong monitoring of hormones and/or vitamin replacement therapy to avoid the development of new glandular failures.

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Inpatient & Outpatient Medications

See Treatment.

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Deterrence/Prevention

  • Many approaches are being tested for prevention of each component of glandular disease. Prevention trials currently are assessing the efficacy of inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance through the intravenous or subcutaneous administration of insulin in persons at risk who have evidence of decreased beta cell mass.
  • Relatives of patients with IMD who are at risk for the disease can be identified. Screening of the general population for each glandular failure is associated with high false-positive rates that preclude intervention studies. Some experts propose that periodic screening for another glandular failure should be performed in patients already diagnosed with PAS III.
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Complications

Complications of PAS III include a constellation of complications associated with each glandular failure.

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Prognosis

  • Prognosis of PAS III depends on the individual glandular failures involved.
  • No systematic studies of long-term prognosis of patients with PAS III have been conducted.
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Patient Education

  • Education on diet, blood glucose monitoring, insulin injections, awareness of hypoglycemic symptoms and appropriate action, and use of glucagon kits is of paramount importance in managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (see Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1).
  • The need for continuous monitoring and adjustment of therapy should be stressed when educating patients with IMD, autoimmune thyroiditis, and PA.
  • Instruct patients to watch for the symptoms of failure of other endocrine glands.
  • For patient education resources, see the Endocrine System Center, as well as Anatomy of the Endocrine System.
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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

KoKo Aung, MD, MPH, FACP  Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Adjunct Associate Professor of Public Health, University of Texas School of Public Health

KoKo Aung, MD, MPH, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Arthur B Chausmer, MD, PhD, FACP, FACE, FACN, CNS  Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology, Adj), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Affiliate Research Professor, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University; Principal, C/A Informatics, LLC

Arthur B Chausmer, MD, PhD, FACP, FACE, FACN, CNS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, American College of Nutrition, American College of Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Medical Informatics Association, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Endocrine Society, and International Society for Clinical Densitometry

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mark Cooper, MBBS, PhD, FRACP  Head, Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Baker Heart Research Institute, Professor of Medicine, Monash University

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

George T Griffing, MD  Professor of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine

George T Griffing, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Medical Practice Executives, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Medical Research, American Heart Association, Central Society for Clinical Research, Endocrine Society, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, and Southern Society for Clinical Investigation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

The editors wish to thank Magdi Salmon, MD, for his previous contributions to this article.

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