Pseudo-Cushing Syndrome Medication
- Author: David M Klachko, MD, MEd; Chief Editor: George T Griffing, MD more...
Medication Summary
No specific medications are required except those for alcohol withdrawal or depression, which are beyond the scope of this article.
Smalls AG, Kloppenborg PW, Njo KT. Alcohol-induced Cushingoid syndrome. Br Med J. Nov 27 1976;2(6047):1298. [Medline].
Dockray S, Susman EJ, Dorn LD. Depression, cortisol reactivity, and obesity in childhood and adolescence. J Adolesc Health. Oct 2009;45(4):344-50. [Medline].
Elzinga BM, Spinhoven P, Berretty E, et al. The role of childhood abuse in HPA-axis reactivity in Social Anxiety Disorder: a pilot study. Biol Psychol. Sep 16 2009;[Medline].
Hinkelmann K, Moritz S, Botzenhardt J, et al. Cognitive impairment in major depression: association with salivary cortisol. Biol Psychiatry. Nov 1 2009;66(9):879-85. [Medline].
Dougherty LR, Klein DN, Olino TM, et al. Increased waking salivary cortisol and depression risk in preschoolers: the role of maternal history of melancholic depression and early child temperament. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. Jul 21 2009;[Medline].
Sephton SE, Dhabhar FS, Keuroghlian AS, et al. Depression, cortisol, and suppressed cell-mediated immunity in metastatic breast cancer. Brain Behav Immun. Jul 28 2009;[Medline].
Besemer F, Pereira AM, Smit JW. Alcohol-induced Cushing syndrome. Hypercortisolism caused by alcohol abuse. Neth J Med. Jul-Aug 2011;69(7):318-23. [Medline].
Adler RA. Clinical review 33: Clinically important effects of alcohol on endocrine function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. May 1992;74(5):957-60. [Medline].
Binkiewicz A, Robinson MJ, Senior B. Pseudo-Cushing syndrome caused by alcohol in breast milk. J Pediatr. Dec 1978;93(6):965-7. [Medline].
Cunningham JM, Buxton OM, Weiss RE. Circadian variation in Cushing's disease and pseudo-Cushing states by analysis of F and ACTH pulsatility. J Endocrinol Invest. Oct 2002;25(9):791-9. [Medline].
Groote Veldman R, Meinders AE. On the mechanism of alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome. Endocr Rev. Jun 1996;17(3):262-8. [Medline].
Kapcala LP. Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome mimicking Cushing's disease in a patient with an adrenal mass. Am J Med. Apr 1987;82(4):849-56. [Medline].
Kirkman S, Nelson DH. Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's disease: a study of prevalence with review of the literature. Metabolism. Apr 1988;37(4):390-4. [Medline].
Makras P. Toloumis G. Papadogias D. Kaltsas GA. Besser M. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of endogenous Cushing's syndrome. [Review] [139 refs]. Hormones. Oct-Dec 2006;5(4):231-50. [Medline].
Moro M, Putignano P, Losa M. The desmopressin test in the differential diagnosis between Cushing's disease and pseudo-Cushing states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Oct 2000;85(10):3569-74. [Medline].
Nieman LK. Diagnostic tests for Cushing's syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Sep 2002;970:112-8. [Medline].
Papanicolaou DA, Yanovski JA, Cutler GB Jr. A single midnight serum cortisol measurement distinguishes Cushing's syndrome from pseudo-Cushing states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Apr 1998;83(4):1163-7. [Medline].
Somer L, Matavulj M, Hadzic B. [The hypophyseal-adrenal axis in chronic alcoholism]. Medicinski Pregled. 1996;49:349-355.
Vogeser M. Durner J. Seliger E. Auernhammer C. Measurement of late-night salivary cortisol with an automated immunoassay system. Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine. 2006;44(12):1441-5. [Medline].

