Riboflavin Deficiency: Multimedia

References

1. Ma AG, Schouten EG, Zhang FZ, et al. Retinol and riboflavin supplementation decreases the prevalence of anemia in Chinese pregnant women taking iron and folic Acid supplements. J Nutr. Oct 2008;138(10):1946-50. [Medline].

2. Yazdanpanah N, Uitterlinden AG, Zillikens MC, et al. Low dietary riboflavin but not folate predicts increased fracture risk in postmenopausal women homozygous for the MTHFR 677 T allele. J Bone Miner Res. Jan 2008;23(1):86-94. [Medline].

3. McNulty H, Scott JM. Intake and status of folate and related B-vitamins: considerations and challenges in achieving optimal status. Br J Nutr. Jun 2008;99 Suppl 3:S48-54. [Medline].

4. Robitaille J, Carmichael SL, Shaw GM, et al. Maternal nutrient intake and risks for transverse and longitudinal limb deficiencies: data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2003. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. Apr 6 2009;[Medline].

5. Smedts HP, Rakhshandehroo M, Verkleij-Hagoort AC, et al. Maternal intake of fat, riboflavin and nicotinamide and the risk of having offspring with congenital heart defects. Eur J Nutr. Oct 2008;47(7):357-65. [Medline].

6. Hoey L, McNulty H, Strain J. Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with riboflavin: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. Apr 29 2009;[Medline].

7. Powers HJ. Riboflavin (vitamin B-2) and health. Am J Clin Nutr. Jun 2003;77(6):1352-60. [Medline]. [Full Text].

8. Russell, RM. Vitamin and trace mineral deficiency and excess. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 16^th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2005:403-11.

9. Schoenen J, Lenaerts M, Bastings E. High-dose riboflavin as a prophylactic treatment of migraine: results of an open pilot study. Cephalalgia. Oct 1994;14(5):328-9. [Medline].

10. Winters LR, Yoon JS, Kalkwarf HJ. Riboflavin requirements and exercise adaptation in older women. Am J Clin Nutr. Sep 1992;56(3):526-32. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Further Reading

Related eMedicine topics:
Beriberi
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
Biotin Deficiency
Malnutrition
Nutritional Neuropathy
Pernicious Anemia
Vitamin B-6 Dependency Syndromes
Vitamin B-12 Associated Neurological Diseases
Wernicke Encephalopathy
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Keywords

riboflavin deficiency, vitamin deficiency, riboflavin, vitamin B2, vitamin B-2, B complex, vitamin B complex, vitamin B deficiency, B complex vitamins, vitamin G, riboflavin 5' phosphate, flavin mononucleotide, FMN, riboflavin 5' adenosine diphosphate, flavin adenine dinucleotide, apoenzyme proteins, flavoprotein enzymes, cheilosis, lactochrome, vitamin F, thiamine, vitamin B-1, vitamin B1

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Mark R Allee, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Mark R Allee, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Mary Zoe Baker, MD, Professor, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, University of Oklahoma; Medical Director, University of Oklahoma Physicians, Medicine Specialty Clinic, General Medicine Clinic and Medicine Residents' Clinic
Mary Zoe Baker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American Chemical Society, and American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Stanley Wallach, MD, Executive Director, American College of Nutrition; Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Stanley Wallach, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, American Society for Clinical Investigation, American Society for Clinical Nutrition, American Society for Nutritional Sciences, Association of American Physicians, and Endocrine Society
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Managing Editor

Don S Schalch, MD, Professor Emeritus, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics
Don S Schalch, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Medical Research, Central Society for Clinical Research, and Endocrine Society
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CME Editor

Mark Cooper, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, Head, Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Baker Heart Research Institute, Professor of Medicine, Monash University
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Chief Editor

George T Griffing, MD, Professor of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine
George T Griffing, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Medical Practice Executives, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Medical Research, American Heart Association, Central Society for Clinical Research, Endocrine Society, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, and Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
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