Osteonecrosis, Knee: Multimedia

References

1. Ahlback S, Bauer GC, Bohne WH. Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. Dec 1968;11(6):705-33. [Medline].

2. Zizic TM, Marcoux C, Hungerford DS. Corticosteroid therapy associated with ischemic necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med. Nov 1985;79(5):596-604. [Medline].

3. Soucacos PN, Beris AE, Xenakis TH, et al. Knee osteonecrosis: Distinguishing features and differential diagnosis. In: Urbaniak JR, Jones JP, eds. Osteonecrosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Rosemont, IL: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons;1997: 413-24.

4. Williams JS Jr, Bush-Joseph CA, Bach BR Jr. Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Am J Knee Surg. Fall 1998;11(4):221-32. [Medline].

5. Ohdera T, Miyagi S, Tokunaga M, Yoshimoto E, Matsuda S, Ikari H. Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the lateral femoral condyle of the knee: a report of 11 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Jul 1 2008;[Medline].

6. Sakai T, Sugano N, Nishii T, Haraguchi K, Yoshikawa H, Ohzono K. Bone scintigraphy for osteonecrosis of the knee in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Rheum Dis. Jan 2001;60(1):14-20. [Medline].

7. Takeda M, Higuchi H, Kimura M, Kobayashi Y, Terauchi M, Takagishi K. Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee: histopathological differences between early and progressive cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Mar 2008;90(3):324-9. [Medline].

8. Aglietti P, Insall JN, Buzzi R. Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the knee. Aetiology, prognosis and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Nov 1983;65(5):588-97. [Medline].

9. Mont MA, Hungerford DS. Osteonecrosis of the shoulder, knee, and ankle. In JR Urbaniak and JP Jones, eds. Osteonecrosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Rosemont, IL: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons;1997: 429-436.

10. Ficat RP, Arlet J. Necrosis of the femoral head. In: Hungerford DS, ed. Ischemia and Necrosis of Bone. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins;1980: 171-82.

11. Ficat RP. Idiopathic bone necrosis of the femoral head. Early diagnosis and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Jan 1985;67(1):3-9. [Medline].

12. Ficat RP. [Aseptic necrosis of the femur head. Pathogenesis: the theory of circulation]. Acta Orthop Belg. Mar-Apr 1981;47(2):198-9. [Medline].

13. Mont MA, Hungerford DS. Non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Mar 1995;77(3):459-74. [Medline].

14. Mont MA, Rifai A, Baumgarten K. Osteonecrosis of the Knee, Insall and Scott. Surgery of the knee. 2001;438-456.

15. Ficat RP, Arlet J. Functional investigation of bone under normal conditions. In: Hungerford DS, ed. Ischemia and Necrosis of Bone. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins;1980: 29-52.

16. Ecker ML, Lotke PA. Osteonecrosis of the medial part of the tibial plateau. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Apr 1995;77(4):596-601. [Medline].

17. Lotke PA, Ecker ML. Osteonecrosis of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. Mar 1988;70(3):470-3. [Medline].

18. Lotke PA, Ecker ML. Osteonecrosis-like syndrome of the medial tibial plateau. Clin Orthop. Jun 1983;(176):148-53. [Medline].

19. Bayne O, Langer F, Pritzker KP. Osteochondral allografts in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the knee. Orthop Clin North Am. Oct 1985;16(4):727-40. [Medline].

20. Matsusue Y, Yamamo T, Hama H. Arthroscopic multiple osteochondral transplantation to the chondral defect in the knee associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Arthroscopy. 1993;9:318.

21. Hangody L, Kish G, Karpatiz. Osteochondral plugs: Autogenous osteochondral mosaicplasty for the treatment of focal chondral and osteochondral articular defects. Operative Techniques Orthop. 1997;7:12.

22. Koshino T. The treatment of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee by high tibial osteotomy with and without bone-grafting or drilling of the lesion. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. Jan 1982;64(1):47-58. [Medline].

23. Forst J, Forst R, Heller KD, Adam G. Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle: causal treatment by early core decompression. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1998;117(1-2):18-22. [Medline].

24. Mont MA, Tomek IM, Hungerford DS. Core decompression for avascular necrosis of the distal femur: long term followup. Clin Orthop. Jan 1997;(334):124-30. [Medline].

25. Parratte S, Argenson JN, Dumas J, Aubaniac JM. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for avascular osteonecrosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Nov 2007;464:37-42. [Medline].

26. Myers TG, Cui Q, Kuskowski M, Mihalko WM, Saleh KJ. Outcomes of total and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for secondary and spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Nov 2006;88 Suppl 3:76-82. [Medline].

27. Marmor L. Unicompartmental arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the knee joint. Clin Orthop. Sep 1993;(294):247-53. [Medline].

28. Bergman NR, Rand JA. Total knee arthroplasty in osteonecrosis. Clin Orthop. Dec 1991;(273):77-82. [Medline].

29. Ritter MA, Eizember LE, Keating EM, Faris PM. The survival of total knee arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the medial condyle. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jun 1991;108-14. [Medline].

30. Mont MA, Myers TH, Krackow KA. Total knee arthroplasty for corticosteroid associated avascular necrosis of the knee. Clin Orthop. May 1997;(338):124-30. [Medline].

31. Yates PJ, Calder JD, Stranks GJ, Conn KS, Peppercorn D, Thomas NP. Early MRI diagnosis and non-surgical management of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. Knee. Mar 2007;14(2):112-6. [Medline].

32. Lotke PA, Abend JA, Ecker ML. The treatment of osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Nov-Dec 1982;109-16. [Medline].

33. Banzer W, Hübscher M, Schikora D. Laser-Needle Therapy for Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee. Photomed Laser Surg. Jul 22 2008;[Medline].

34. Deie M, Ochi M, Adachi N, Nishimori M, Yokota K. Artificial bone grafting [calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic with an interconnected porous structure (IP-CHA)] and core decompression for spontaneous osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Aug 2008;16(8):753-8. [Medline].

35. Koshino T, Okamoto R, Takamura K. Arthroscopy in spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. Orthop Clin North Am. Jul 1979;10(3):609-18. [Medline].

36. Miller GK, Maylahn DS, Drennan DB. The treatment of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle with Arthroscopic Debridement. Arthroscopy. 1986;2:21.

37. Soucacos PN, Xenakis TH, Beris AE. Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle. Classification and treatment. Clin Orthop. Aug 1997;(341):82-9. [Medline].

38. Zizic TM, Hungerford DS. Avascular necrosis of bone. In: Kelley WN, Harris ED, Ruddy S, Sledge CB, eds. Textbook of Rheumatology. Vol 2. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;1985: 1689-1710.

Further Reading

Keywords

osteonecrosis, knee osteonecrosis, osteonecrosis of knee, spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee, SPONK, secondary osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis, AVN, aseptic necrosis, ischemic necrosis, idiopathic necrosis, knee pain, knee arthritis, bone death, mass bone death, bone disease, necrosis

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Amar Rajadhyaksha, MD, Resident, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Medical College
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Michael Mont, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution
Michael Mont, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Disclosure: Stryker Orthopaedics Consulting fee Consulting; Wright Medical Technology, Inc. Consulting fee Consulting

Michael Levine, MD, Chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Western Pennsylvania Hospital
Michael Levine, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, American Medical Association, Orthopaedic Research Society, Pennsylvania Medical Society, Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: encore medical Consulting fee Consulting; glaxo smith kline Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Medical Editor

Albert W Pearsall IV, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Alabama; Director, Section of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Alabama Medical Center
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Thomas M DeBerardino, MD, Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center
Thomas M DeBerardino, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, and American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine
Disclosure: Arthrex, Inc. Grant/research funds Other; Arthrex, Inc. Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Genzyme Biosurgery. Inc. Grant/research funds Other; Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Grant/research funds Other; Histogenics Grant/research funds None; Arthrex, Inc. Consulting fee Speaking and teaching

CME Editor

Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS, Associate Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Chief of Arthroscopic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, American College of International Physicians, and American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Carlos J Lavernia, MD, FAAOS, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine; Medical Director, Orthopedic Institute at Mercy Hospital
Carlos J Lavernia, MD, FAAOS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, Arthritis Foundation, Biomedical Engineering Society, Florida Orthopaedic Society, and Orthopaedic Research Society
Disclosure: Zimmer Stock Implant Designer