eMedicine Specialties > Orthopedic Surgery > Neoplasms

Hemangioma: Follow-up

Author: Danielle A Katz, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University
Coauthor(s): Timothy A Damron, MD, David G Murray Endowed Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Professor, Orthopedic Oncology and Adult Reconstruction, Vice Chair, Department of Orthopedics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University at Syracuse
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Nov 17, 2008

Outcome and Prognosis

Intramuscular hemangiomas

A significant number of intramuscular hemangiomas are associated with relatively mild symptoms, such as intermittent aching or discomfort with exercise. These may require no treatment and may have no significant sequelae. Unfortunately, those symptomatic enough to indicate treatment are those most likely to be incompletely excised, and thus, to recur. Recurrence rates following surgery range from 18-50%.25

Synovial hemangiomas

Outcomes for diffuse synovial hemangiomas are similar to those for intramuscular hemangiomas. Patients with localized synovial hemangiomas tend to have excellent results following surgical excision.

Hemangiomas of bone

Many osseous hemangiomas remain asymptomatic, require no treatment, and have no significant sequelae.

Hemangiomatosis

Hemangiomatosis often becomes symptomatic during childhood, yet is nearly impossible to excise. Therefore, treatment with chemotherapy has been tried with variable success.

Gorham disease

The rarity of Gorham disease precludes a clear assessment of its prognosis. Results of steroid treatment and radiation therapy have been variable.

Future and Controversies

The true nature of hemangiomas remains controversial, with no clear consensus on an inciting cause, nor agreement as to whether hemangiomas are neoplasms, hamartomas, or malformations.

Future investigations likely will attempt to answer these questions, and may lead to innovations in therapy. Work is underway on the therapeutic use of angiogenic cytokines and angiogenesis inhibitors, including systemic administration of the antiangiogenic proteins AGM-1470 and angiostatin or of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat, and gene gun therapy with interleukin-12.

 


More on Hemangioma

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Workup: Hemangioma
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References
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Further Reading

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Keywords

hemangioma, benign vascular tumor, senile hemangioma, cherry hemangioma, strawberry nevus, visceral hemangioma, intramuscular hemangioma, hemangioma of the bone, hemangiomatosis, skeletal-extraskeletal angiomatosis, vertebral hemangioma, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, tumor-induced osteomalacia, Gorham disease, disappearing bone disease, osteolysis, hemangiomatous disease, enchondromatosis, Maffucci syndrome, synovial hemangioma, osseous hemangioma

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Danielle A Katz, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University
Danielle A Katz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Surgeons, and Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Timothy A Damron, MD, David G Murray Endowed Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Professor, Orthopedic Oncology and Adult Reconstruction, Vice Chair, Department of Orthopedics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University at Syracuse
Timothy A Damron, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, Children's Oncology Group, Connective Tissue Oncology Society, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, Orthopaedic Research Society, and Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Disclosure: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins Royalty Editing/writing textbook; Genentech Grant/research funds Clinical research; Orthovita Grant/research funds Clinical research; National Institutes of Health Grant/research funds Clinical research

Medical Editor

Timothy A Damron, MD, David G Murray Endowed Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Professor, Orthopedic Oncology and Adult Reconstruction, Vice Chair, Department of Orthopedics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University at Syracuse
Timothy A Damron, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, Children's Oncology Group, Connective Tissue Oncology Society, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, Orthopaedic Research Society, and Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Disclosure: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins Royalty Editing/writing textbook; Genentech Grant/research funds Clinical research; Orthovita Grant/research funds Clinical research; National Institutes of Health Grant/research funds Clinical research

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Sean P Scully, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami
Sean P Scully, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, and Society of Surgical Oncology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS, Associate Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Chief of Arthroscopic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, American College of International Physicians, and American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Harris Gellman, MD, Consulting Surgeon, Broward Hand Center; Voluntary Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine
Harris Gellman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Medical Acupuncture, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, and Arkansas Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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