eMedicine Specialties > Orthopedic Surgery > Pediatrics
Polydactyly of the Foot: Follow-up
Updated: Nov 2, 2007
Outcome and Prognosis
Most patients have good-to-excellent results following surgery. Careful surgery helps to ensure better cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Future and Controversies
Accurate understanding of the involved anatomy leads to better clinical results. Radiographs obtained after ossification of the involved bones allow for definitive treatment of the duplicated parts and all associated abnormalities. Recent better appreciation of the longitudinal bracket epiphysis, often seen in the first metatarsal in children with preaxial polydactyly, and descriptions that allow for earlier diagnosis and correction of this abnormality lead to better outcomes.
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References
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Beaty JH. Polydactyly. In: Operative Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2nd ed. Mosby-Year Book;1995:112-114.
Hart ES, Grottkau BE, Rebello GN, Albright MB. The newborn foot: diagnosis and management of common conditions. Orthop Nurs. Sep-Oct 2005;24(5):313-21; quiz 322-3. [Medline].
Herring JA. Polydactyly. In: Tachdjian's Pediatric Orthopaedics from the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children. 3rd ed. WB Saunders Co;2001:1021-1024.
Jones KL. Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation. 5th ed. WB Saunders Co;1997.
Lee HS, Park SS, Yoon JO, Kim JS, Youm YS. Classification of postaxial polydactyly of the foot. Foot Ankle Int. May 2006;27(5):356-62. [Medline].
Turra S, Gigante C, Bisinella G. Polydactyly of the foot. J Pediatr Orthop B. May 2007;16(3):216-20. [Medline].
Lim YJ, Teoh LC, Lee EH. Reconstruction of syndactyly and polysyndactyly of the toes with a dorsal pentagonal island flap: a technique that allows primary skin closure without the use of skin grafting. J Foot Ankle Surg. Mar-Apr 2007;46(2):86-92. [Medline].
Morley SE, Smith PJ. Polydactyly of the feet in children: suggestions for surgical management. Br J Plast Surg. Jan 2001;54(1):34-8. [Medline].
Mubarak SJ, O'Brien TJ, Davids JR. Metatarsal epiphyseal bracket: treatment by central physiolysis. J Pediatr Orthop. Jan-Feb 1993;13(1):5-8. [Medline].
Yucel A, Kuru I, Bozan ME, Acar M, Solak M. Radiographic evaluation and unusual bone formations in different genetic patterns in synpolydactyly. Skeletal Radiol. Aug 2005;34(8):468-76. [Medline].
Leeson MC, Wilcox PG, Weiner DS. Congenital duplication of the foot and toes. Foot Ankle. Jan-Feb 1985;5(4):191-7. [Medline].
Weaver KM, Henry GW, Reinker KA. Unilateral duplication of the great toe with anterolateral tibial bowing. J Pediatr Orthop. Jan-Feb 1996;16(1):73-7. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
duplicate toe, extra toe, duplicate digit, extra digit, forefoot anomaly, syndactyly, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, trisomy 13, tibial hemimelia, trisomy 21
Follow-up: Polydactyly of the Foot