eMedicine Specialties > Orthopedic Surgery > Shoulder

Acromioclavicular Joint Separations: Multimedia

Author: David Prybyla, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School
Coauthor(s): Brett D Owens, MD, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, William Beaumont Army Medical Center; Thomas P Goss, MD, Chief of Shoulder Surgery, Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: May 29, 2008

Multimedia

Acromioclavicular joint anatomy.Media file 1: Acromioclavicular joint anatomy.
Acromioclavicular joint anatomy.

Acromioclavicular joint anatomy.

Allman/Rockwood classification of acromioclavicul...Media file 2: Allman/Rockwood classification of acromioclavicular injuries.
Allman/Rockwood classification of acromioclavicul...

Allman/Rockwood classification of acromioclavicular injuries.

Type V separation, characterized by wide displace...Media file 3: Type V separation, characterized by wide displacement of the clavicle in a superior direction relative to the acromion. Radiographic findings denote disruption of the AC ligaments and coracoclavicular (CC) ligament, as well as the deltoid attachment to the distal clavicle.
Type V separation, characterized by wide displace...

Type V separation, characterized by wide displacement of the clavicle in a superior direction relative to the acromion. Radiographic findings denote disruption of the AC ligaments and coracoclavicular (CC) ligament, as well as the deltoid attachment to the distal clavicle.

More on Acromioclavicular Joint Separations

Overview: Acromioclavicular Joint Separations
Workup: Acromioclavicular Joint Separations
Treatment: Acromioclavicular Joint Separations
Follow-up: Acromioclavicular Joint Separations
Multimedia: Acromioclavicular Joint Separations
References

References

  1. Shaffer BS. Painful conditions of the acromioclavicular joint. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. May-Jun 1999;7(3):176-88. [Medline].

  2. Adams FL. The Genuine Works of Hippocrates. Vol 1 and 2. The Genuine Works of Hippocrates. New York, NY: William Wood; 1886.

  3. Cadenat FM. The treatment of dislocations and fractures of the outer end of the clavicle. Int Clin. 1917;1:145-169.

  4. Henry MD. Acromioclavicular dislocations. Minn Med. 1929;12:431-433.

  5. Murray G. The use of longitudinal wires in the treatment of fractures and dislocations. Am J Surg. 1945;67:156-157.

  6. Bloom FA. Wire fixation in acromioclavicular dislocation. J Bone Joint Surg. 1945;27:273-276.

  7. Stewart R. Acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation: Internal fixation of the clavicle and coracoid process of the scapula with a vitallium screw. Minn Med. 1946;29:357-360.

  8. Bosworth BM. Acromioclavicular dislocation: End-results of screw suspension treatment. Ann Surg. 1948;127:98-111.

  9. Powers JA, Bach PJ. Acromioclavicular separations. Closed or open treatment?. Clin Orthop. Oct 1974;0(104):213-23. [Medline].

  10. Cox JS. Current method of treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations. Orthopedics. Sep 1992;15(9):1041-4. [Medline].

  11. Rockwood CA Jr, Green DP, Bucholz RW, Heckman JD. Fractures in Adults. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven;. 1996.

  12. Allman FL Jr. Fractures and ligamentous injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jun 1967;49(4):774-84. [Medline].

  13. Tossy JD, Mead NC, Sigmond HM. Acromioclavicular separations: useful and practical classification for treatment. Clin Orthop. 1963;28:111-9. [Medline].

  14. Williams GR, Nguyen VD, Rockwood CA. Classification and radiographic analysis of acromioclavicular dislocations. Appl Radiol. Feb 1989;29-34.

  15. Wojtys EM, Nelson G. Conservative treatment of Grade III acromioclavicular dislocations. Clin Orthop. Jul 1991;(268):112-9. [Medline].

  16. Press J, Zuckerman JD, Gallagher M, et al. Treatment of grade III acromioclavicular separations. Operative versus nonoperative management. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 1997;56(2):77-83. [Medline].

  17. Schlegel TF, Burks RT, Marcus RL. A prospective evaluation of untreated acute grade III acromioclavicular separations. Am J Sports Med. Nov-Dec 2001;29(6):699-703. [Medline].

  18. Fukuda K, Craig EV, An KN. Biomechanical study of the ligamentous system of the acromioclavicular joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Mar 1986;68(3):434-40. [Medline].

  19. Goss TP. Double disruptions of the superior shoulder suspensory complex. J Orthop Trauma. 1993;7(2):99-106. [Medline].

  20. Alyas F, Curtis M, Speed C, Saifuddin A, Connell D. MR imaging appearances of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Radiographics. Mar-Apr 2008;28(2):463-79; quiz 619. [Medline].

  21. Trainer G, Arciero RA, Mazzocca AD. Practical management of grade III acromioclavicular separations. Clin J Sport Med. Mar 2008;18(2):162-6. [Medline].

  22. Gstettner C, Tauber M, Hitzl W, Resch H. Rockwood type III acromioclavicular dislocation: surgical versus conservative treatment. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Mar-Apr 2008;17(2):220-5. [Medline].

  23. Bosworth BM. Acromioclavicular separation: New method of repair. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1941;73:866-871.

  24. Choi SW, Lee TJ, Moon KH, Cho KJ, Lee SY. Minimally invasive coracoclavicular stabilization with suture anchors for acute acromioclavicular dislocation. Am J Sports Med. May 2008;36(5):961-5. [Medline].

  25. Rolf O, Hann von Weyhern A, Ewers A, Boehm TD, Gohlke F. Acromioclavicular dislocation Rockwood III-V: results of early versus delayed surgical treatment. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Nov 22 2007;[Medline].

  26. Kumar S, Penematsa SR, Selvan T. Surgical reconstruction for chronic painful acromioclavicular joint dislocations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Aug 2007;127(6):481-4. [Medline].

  27. Ammon JT, Voor MJ, Tillett ED. A biomechanical comparison of Bosworth and poly-L lactic acid bioabsorbable screws for treatment of acromioclavicular separations. Arthroscopy. Dec 2005;21(12):1443-6. [Medline].

  28. Weaver JK, Dunn HK. Treatment of acromioclavicular injuries, especially complete acromioclavicular separation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Sep 1972;54(6):1187-94. [Medline].

  29. Bergfeld JA, Andrish JT, Clancy WG. Evaluation of the acromioclavicular joint following first- and second- degree sprains. Am J Sports Med. Jul-Aug 1978;6(4):153-9. [Medline].

  30. Cox JS. The fate of the acromioclavicular joint in athletic injuries. Am J Sports Med. Jan-Feb 1981;9(1):50-3. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

AC separations, shoulder separation, acromioclavicular joint dislocation, AC dislocation, dislocated shoulder, shoulder pain

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

David Prybyla, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Brett D Owens, MD, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, William Beaumont Army Medical Center
Brett D Owens, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Thomas P Goss, MD, Chief of Shoulder Surgery, Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care
Thomas P Goss, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, Massachusetts Medical Society, and Orthopaedic Trauma Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Lynn A Crosby, MD, FACS, Chief of Shoulder Division, Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wright State University School of Medicine
Lynn A Crosby, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American College of Sports Medicine, American College of Surgeons, American Fracture Association, American Medical Association, American Medical Tennis Association, American Orthopaedic Association, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, Arthroscopy Association of North America, Mid-America Orthopaedic Association, and Orthopaedic Research Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Pekka A Mooar, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine
Pekka A Mooar, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS, Associate Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Chief of Arthroscopic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, American College of International Physicians, and American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Mary Ann E Keenan, MD, Professor, Vice Chair for Graduate Medical Education, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief of Neuro-Orthopedics Program, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Mary Ann E Keenan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.