eMedicine Specialties > Orthopedic Surgery > Spine
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Multimedia
Updated: May 29, 2008
Multimedia
![]() | Media file 1: Patient with ankylosing spondylitis affecting the cervical and upper thoracic spine. The patient's spine has been fused in a flexed position. |
![]() | Media file 2: Posterior view of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis affecting the cervical and upper thoracic spine. The patient's spine has been fused in a flexed position. |
![]() | Media file 3: Anteroposterior radiograph of the sacroiliac joint of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Bilateral sacroiliitis with sclerosis can be observed. |
![]() | Media file 6: Anteroposterior radiograph of the spine of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. |
![]() | Media file 7: Anteroposterior (left) and lateral (right) radiographs of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. |
![]() | Media file 8: Radiographs of a hand (top) and an arm (bottom) of a patient with peripheral involvement of ankylosing spondylitis. Fusion of the joint spaces and deformity can be observed. |
![]() | Media file 10: Radiograph showing a vertebral fracture in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. |
More on Ankylosing Spondylitis |
| Overview: Ankylosing Spondylitis |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Ankylosing Spondylitis |
| Treatment & Medication: Ankylosing Spondylitis |
| Follow-up: Ankylosing Spondylitis |
Multimedia: Ankylosing Spondylitis |
| References |
| « Previous Page |
References
Cawley MI, Chalmers TM, Ball J. Destructive lesions of vertebral bodies in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. Sep 1971;30(5):539-40. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Hanson JA, Mirza S. Predisposition for spinal fracture in ankylosing spondylitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Jan 2000;174(1):150. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Hunter T. The spinal complications of ankylosing spondylitis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. Dec 1989;19(3):172-82. [Medline].
Sutherland RI, Matheson D. Inflammatory involvement of vertebrae in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. Sep 1975;2(3):296-302. [Medline].
van der Linden S, van der Heijde D. Clinical aspects, outcome assessment, and management of ankylosing spondylitis and postenteric reactive arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Jul 2000;12(4):263-8. [Medline].
van der Linden S, van der Heijde D. Ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical features. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. Nov 1998;24(4):663-76, vii. [Medline].
Alvarez I, López de Castro JA. HLA-B27 and immunogenetics of spondyloarthropathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Jul 2000;12(4):248-53. [Medline].
McGonagle D, Emery P. Enthesitis, osteitis, microbes, biomechanics, and immune reactivity in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. Oct 2000;27(10):2302-4. [Medline].
Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Muñoz-Gomariz E, Escudero-Contreras A, Pèrez-Guijo V, Collantes-Estévez E. Biological and clinical markers of disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis [letter]. J Rheumatol. Dec 2003;30(12):2729-32. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Palazzi C, Olivieri I, D'Amico E, Pennese E, Petricca A. Management of reactive arthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. Jan 2004;5(1):61-70. [Medline].
O'Neill TW, Bresnihan B. The heart in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. Jun 1992;51(6):705-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Jones SD, Koh WH, Steiner A, Garrett SL, Calin A. Fatigue in ankylosing spondylitis: its prevalence and relationship to disease activity, sleep, and other factors. J Rheumatol. Mar 1996;23(3):487-90. [Medline].
Mengshoel AM, Førre O. Pain and fatigue in patients with rheumatic disorders. Clin Rheumatol. Dec 1993;12(4):515-21. [Medline].
Ringsdal VS, Helin P. Ankylosing spondylitis--education, employment and invalidity. Dan Med Bull. Jun 1991;38(3):282-4. [Medline].
Wordsworth BP, Mowat AG. A review of 100 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with particular reference to socio-economic effects. Br J Rheumatol. May 1986;25(2):175-80. [Medline].
McGuigan LE, Hart HH, Gow PJ, et al. Employment in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. Aug 1984;43(4):604-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Lehtinen K. Working ability of 76 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1981;10(4):263-5. [Medline].
Ruof J, Stucki G. Validity aspects of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in ankylosing spondylitis: a literature review. J Rheumatol. Apr 1999;26(4):966-70. [Medline].
Dougados M, Gueguen A, Nakache JP, et al. Clinical relevance of C-reactive protein in axial involvement of ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. Apr 1999;26(4):971-4. [Medline].
Kisacik B, Tufan A, Kalyoncu U, et al. Mean platelet volume (MPV) as an inflammatory marker in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. May 2008;75(3):291-4. [Medline].
van der Heijde D, Spoorenberg A. Plain radiographs as an outcome measure in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. Apr 1999;26(4):985-7. [Medline].
Van Royen BJ, De Gast A. Lumbar osteotomy for correction of thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis. A structured review of three methods of treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. Jul 1999;58(7):399-406. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Halm H, Metz-Stavenhagen P, Zielke K. Results of surgical correction of kyphotic deformities of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis on the basis of the modified arthritis impact measurement scales. Spine. Jul 15 1995;20(14):1612-9. [Medline].
Hunter T, Dubo HI. Spinal fractures complicating ankylosing spondylitis. A long-term followup study. Arthritis Rheum. Jun 1983;26(6):751-9. [Medline].
Shih LY, Chen TH, Lo WH, Yang DJ. Total hip arthroplasty in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: longterm followup. J Rheumatol. Sep 1995;22(9):1704-9. [Medline].
Hidding A, van der Linden S, Gielen X, et al. Continuation of group physical therapy is necessary in ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res. Jun 1994;7(2):90-6. [Medline].
Kraag G, Stokes B, Groh J, Helewa A, Goldsmith C. The effects of comprehensive home physiotherapy and supervision on patients with ankylosing spondylitis--a randomized controlled trial. J Rheumatol. Feb 1990;17(2):228-33. [Medline].
Sieper J, Klopsch T, Richter M, et al. Comparison of two different dosages of celecoxib with diclofenac for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis: results of a 12-week randomised, double-blind, controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis. Mar 2008;67(3):323-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Rasker JJ, Prevo RL, Lanting PJ. Spondylodiscitis in ankylosing spondylitis, inflammation or trauma? A description of six cases. Scand J Rheumatol. 1996;25(1):52-7. [Medline].
Dihlmann W, Delling G. Discovertebral destructive lesions (so called Andersson lesions) associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Skel Radiol. 1978;3:10-6.
Agarwal AK, Reidbord HE, Kraus DR, Eisenbeis CH Jr. Variable histopathology of discovertebral lesion (spondylodiscitis) of ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Jan-Feb 1990;8(1):67-9. [Medline].
Leirisalo-Repo M. Prognosis, course of disease, and treatment of the spondyloarthropathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. Nov 1998;24(4):737-51, viii. [Medline].
Carette S, Graham D, Little H, Rubenstein J, Rosen P. The natural disease course of ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. Feb 1983;26(2):186-90. [Medline].
Gran JT, Skomsvoll JF. The outcome of ankylosing spondylitis: a study of 100 patients. Br J Rheumatol. Jul 1997;36(7):766-71. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Guillemin F, Briançon S, Pourel J, Gaucher A. Long-term disability and prolonged sick leaves as outcome measurements in ankylosing spondylitis. Possible predictive factors. Arthritis Rheum. Jul 1990;33(7):1001-6. [Medline].
Bakker C, van der Linden S, van Santen-Hoeufft M, Bolwijn P, Hidding A. Problem elicitation to assess patient priorities in ankylosing spondylitis and fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. Jul 1995;22(7):1304-10. [Medline].
Bennett PH, Burch TA, eds. Population Studies of the Rheumatic Diseases. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Excerpta Medical Foundation; 1968:456-537.
Calin A, Elswood J, Rigg S, Skevington SM. Ankylosing spondylitis--an analytical review of 1500 patients: the changing pattern of disease. J Rheumatol. Aug 1988;15(8):1234-8. [Medline].
Calin A, Nakache JP, Gueguen A, et al. Outcome variables in ankylosing spondylitis: evaluation of their relevance and discriminant capacity. J Rheumatol. Apr 1999;26(4):975-9. [Medline].
Dunn N, Preston B, Jones KL. Unexplained acute backache in longstanding ankylosing spondylitis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Dec 7 1985;291(6509):1632-4. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Eck JC, Humphreys SC. Diagnosis and treatment of common metabolic spinal disorders in the geriatric population. South Med J. Dec 1998;91(12):1090-7. [Medline].
Gengenbacher M, Sebald HJ, Villiger PM, Hofstetter W, Seitz M. Infliximab inhibits bone resorption by circulating osteoclast precursor cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. May 2008;67(5):620-4. [Medline].
George B, Gauthier N, Lot G. Multisegmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy treated by multilevel oblique corpectomies without fusion. Neurosurgery. Jan 1999;44(1):81-90. [Medline].
Gossec L, Dougados M, Phillips C, et al, for the ASAS (ASsessment in AS) International Working Group. Dissemination and evaluation of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis: results of a study among 1507 rheumatologists. Ann Rheum Dis. Jun 2008;67(6):782-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Resnick D, Niwayama G. Discovertebral destruction in a man with chronic back problems. Invest Radiol. Mar-Apr 1981;16(2):89-94. [Medline].
Wang F, Yan CG, Xiang HY, Xing T, Wang NS. The significance of platelet activation in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol. Jun 2008;27(6):767-9. [Medline].
Ward MM. Quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. Nov 1998;24(4):815-27, x. [Medline].
Wordsworth BP, Pearcy MJ, Mowat AG. In-patient regime for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: an appraisal of improvement in spinal mobility and the effects of corticotrophin. Br J Rheumatol. Feb 1984;23(1):39-43. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
AS, Marie-Strumpell disease, von Bechterew disease, rheumatoid spondylitis, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, reactive arthritis, psoriasis, juvenile-onset spondylitis, juvenile chronic arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, Crohn's disease, human leukocyte antigen B27, HLA-B27, spondylodiscitis, Andersson lesions, anulus fibrosus




















Multimedia: Ankylosing Spondylitis