eMedicine Specialties > Orthopedic Surgery > Spine
Spinal Muscle Atrophy: Multimedia
Updated: Aug 21, 2008
Multimedia
 | Media file 1: Spinal muscle atrophy, Werdnig-Hoffman disease. Small muscle fibers within separate muscle fascicles. |
 | Media file 2: Spinal muscle atrophy, Werdnig-Hoffman disease. Marked variation in muscle fiber size as well as a relative increase in associated connective tissue. |
 | Media file 3: Spinal muscle atrophy, Kugelberg-Welander disease. Marked variation in muscle fiber size along with increased perimysial connective tissue. |
 | Media file 4: Spinal muscle atrophy, Kugelberg-Welander disease. Muscle fiber variation with some demonstrating internal nuclei. |
 | Media file 5: Spinal muscle atrophy. At age 4 years, this boy's chest radiograph already reveals the presence of significant 32° left thoracic scoliosis. His diagnosis is type I spinal muscle atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease). This radiograph captures the lumbar curvature incompletely. |
 | Media file 6: Spinal muscle atrophy. By age 6 years, the child's curve is starting to decompensate. Note the development of a right-sided truncal shift. He now has a 40° thoracic curve and a 60° lumbar curvature. |
 | Media file 7: Spinal muscle atrophy. Spine anteroposterior view. The spinal curvature is progressing. The lumbar curve now is 70° and the thoracic curve is 35°. Note that one can now clearly see that the right hip is dislocated. Also note the marked pelvic obliquity in this patient. |
 | Media file 8: Spinal muscle atrophy. By age 9 years, this patient with type I spinal muscle atrophy now has a thoracic curve of 60° and a lumbar curve of 110°. Note that the patient has a tracheostomy tube and a nasogastric tube as well. |
 | Media file 9: Spinal muscle atrophy. Immediate postoperative anteroposterior radiograph of the patient at age 9 years. The thoracic curve is now at 18° and the lumbar curve is 35°, which represents more than 67% curvature correction. |
 | Media file 10: Spinal muscle atrophy. Immediate postoperative lateral view with good sagittal balance. |
 | Media file 11: Spinal muscle atrophy. Follow-up radiographs in the patient at age 13 years reveal some spinal decompensation. Note the so-called coat hanger appearance of the ribs in the patient's dysplastic right hemithorax. |
 | Media file 12: Spinal muscle atrophy. Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis demonstrating right hip dislocation. |
 | Media file 13: Spinal muscle atrophy. Lauenstein lateral view of the hips on the patient with spinal muscle atrophy type I. Note the near universal pelvic dysmorphology (eg, widened obturator foramina) in addition to the dislocated right hip. |
More on Spinal Muscle Atrophy |
| Overview: Spinal Muscle Atrophy |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Spinal Muscle Atrophy |
| Treatment & Medication: Spinal Muscle Atrophy |
| Follow-up: Spinal Muscle Atrophy |
 Multimedia: Spinal Muscle Atrophy |
| References |
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References
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Further Reading
Keywords
spinal muscle atrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, SMA, muscle atrophy, muscular atrophy, Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, Werdnig-Hoffmann, Werdnig Hoffmann, Kugelberg-Welander disease, Kugelberg-Welander, Kugelberg Welander, hypotonia, muscle weakness, spinal fusion, spinal muscular atrophies of childhood, spinal muscular atrophy of childhood, spinal cord disease, spinal infantile muscular atrophy, spinal infantile muscle atrophy
